The presiding official of Yale College, originally a "rector" (after the usage of continental European universities), became "president" in 1745. A common style of address for presidents, "Mr/Mrs.
In Pierre Choderlos de Laclos's 1782 novel Les Liaisons Dangereuses ("Dangerous Liaisons"), the wife of a magistrate in a parlement is referred to as Madame la Présidente de Tourvel ("Madam President of Tourvel").
In Pierre Choderlos de Laclos's novel Les Liaisons Dangereuses of 1782, the character identified as Madame la Présidente de Tourvel ("Madam President of Tourvel") is the wife of a magistrate in a parlement.
The lady/lord president of the Court of Session is head of the judiciary in Scotland, and presiding judge (and Senator) of the College of Justice and Court of Session, as well as being Lady/Lord Justice General of Scotland and head of the High Court of Justiciary, the offices having been combined in 1784. ==Spousal or female titles== Titles for a president's spouse, if female, have ranged from "Marquise" to "Lady" to simply "Mrs." (or "Ms.").
Speaker in English. ==History== ===In the United States=== The 1787 Constitution of the United States did not specify the manner of address for the president.
However, the lord president alone was not head of state, because that office was vested in the council as a whole. The modern usage of the term president to designate a single person who is the [of state] of a republic can be traced directly to the United States Constitution of 1787, which created the office of President of the United States.
When George Washington was sworn in as the first president of the United States on April 30, 1789, the administering of the oath of office ended with the proclamation: "Long live George Washington, President of the United States." No title other than the name of the office of the executive was officially used at the inauguration.
The question of a presidential title was being debated in Congress at the time, however, having become official legislative business with Richard Henry Lee's motion of April 23, 1789.
The first European president was the president of the Italian Republic of 1802, a client state of revolutionary France, in the person of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Haiti became the first presidential republic in Latin America when Henri Christophe assumed the title in 1807.
Almost all the American nations that became independent from Spain in the early 1810s and 1820s chose a US-style president as their chief executive.
Almost all the American nations that became independent from Spain in the early 1810s and 1820s chose a US-style president as their chief executive.
When the Second French Republic was established in 1848, "Monsieur le Président" became the title of the president of the French Republic. The speaker of the House of Commons of Canada, established in 1867, is also addressed as "Monsieur le Président" or "Madame la Présidente" in French. == Description == The title president is derived from the Latin prae- "before" + sedere "to sit".
Dolley Madison, the wife of President James Madison, was remembered after her death in 1849 by President Zachary Taylor as "truly our First Lady for a half a century".
By the 1850s in the United States, the term "lady" had changed from a title of nobility to a term of address for a respected and well-mannered woman.
When the Second French Republic was established in 1848, "Monsieur le Président" became the title of the president of the French Republic. The speaker of the House of Commons of Canada, established in 1867, is also addressed as "Monsieur le Président" or "Madame la Présidente" in French. == Description == The title president is derived from the Latin prae- "before" + sedere "to sit".
When a president is not only head of state, but also head of government, this is known in Europe as a President of Counsel (from the French Présidente du Conseil), used 1871–1940 and 1944–1958 in the Third and Fourth French Republics.
Thus, in five close United States elections (1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016), the candidate with the most popular votes still lost the election. In Mexico, the president is directly elected for a six-year term by popular vote.
Thus, in five close United States elections (1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016), the candidate with the most popular votes still lost the election. In Mexico, the president is directly elected for a six-year term by popular vote.
Usually this person is the Governor and it always stays like that. Between 1918 and 1934, Estonia had no separate head of state.
Despite this, foreign media sources continued to refer to individuals holding the office of President of the Federal Executive Council as being the "Prime Minister of Yugoslavia". The Prime minister of the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1937 was titled President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State.
From 1927 until 1989 however, real power was exercised by the General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.
Usually this person is the Governor and it always stays like that. Between 1918 and 1934, Estonia had no separate head of state.
Despite this, foreign media sources continued to refer to individuals holding the office of President of the Federal Executive Council as being the "Prime Minister of Yugoslavia". The Prime minister of the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1937 was titled President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State.
When a president is not only head of state, but also head of government, this is known in Europe as a President of Counsel (from the French Présidente du Conseil), used 1871–1940 and 1944–1958 in the Third and Fourth French Republics.
However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the top leader in the single-party system. Between 1982 and 2018, the constitution stipulated that the president could not serve more than two consecutive terms.
From 1927 until 1989 however, real power was exercised by the General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.
However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the top leader in the single-party system. Between 1982 and 2018, the constitution stipulated that the president could not serve more than two consecutive terms.
Thus, in five close United States elections (1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016), the candidate with the most popular votes still lost the election. In Mexico, the president is directly elected for a six-year term by popular vote.
In Finland, although the 2000 constitution moved towards a ceremonial presidency, the system is still formally semi-presidential, with the president of Finland retaining e.g.
The 2006 Mexican elections had a fierce competition, the electoral results showed a minimal difference between the two most voted candidates and such difference was just about the 0.58% of the total vote.
Thus, the ASSRs and their eventual successors would have more in common with nation-states than with ordinary administrative divisions, at least in spirit, and would choose titles accordingly. Over the course of the 2010s the presidents of Russian republics would progressively change their title to that of Head (глава), a proposition suggested by the president of Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov and later made law by the Parliament of Russia and President Dmitriy Medvedev in 2010.
Thus, in five close United States elections (1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016), the candidate with the most popular votes still lost the election. In Mexico, the president is directly elected for a six-year term by popular vote.
[last name]" == In the media == On 8 November 2016, the night of the 2016 presidential election in the United States, images of leaked pre-printed copies of Newsweek magazine showed the magazine celebrating the win of the Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton, with the cover titled "Madam President".
Despite this, however, presidents of Tatarstan would reject this change and, as of 2017, retain their title in defiance of Russian law.
However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the top leader in the single-party system. Between 1982 and 2018, the constitution stipulated that the president could not serve more than two consecutive terms.
During the Mao era and also since 2018, there were no term limits attached to this office.
In 2018, the term limits of the presidency were abolished, but its powers and ceremonial role were unchanged. === Presidential symbols === As the country's head of state, in most countries the president is entitled to certain perquisites, and may have a prestigious residence, often a lavish mansion or palace, sometimes more than one (e.g.
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