Most of the fighting took place in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coastline of the United States. The war originated in disputes over the application of the 1778 treaties of Alliance and Commerce between the two countries.
Despite popular enthusiasm for the French Revolution, there was little support for this in Congress; neutrality allowed Northern shipowners to earn huge profits evading the British blockade, and Southern plantation-owners feared the example set by France's abolition of slavery in 1794. Arguing the 1793 execution of Louis XVI voided existing agreements, the France Neutrality Act of 1794 unilaterally cancelled the military obligations of the 1778 treaty.
It was soon apparent the US interpreted 'neutrality' as the right to trade with and provide the same privileges to both. This conflict became apparent when the US agreed to the 1794 Jay Treaty with Britain, which contradicted the 1778 Commercial Treaty with France.
It affirmed the rights of Americans as neutrals upon the sea and abrogated the alliance with France of 1778.
This alliance had been viable only between 1778 and 1783. ==See also== First Barbary War Captured ships of the Quasi-War Louisa (Quasi-War privateer) Oliver Hazard Perry ==References== ==Bibliography== == Further reading == Bowman, Albert Hall.
This alliance had been viable only between 1778 and 1783. ==See also== First Barbary War Captured ships of the Quasi-War Louisa (Quasi-War privateer) Oliver Hazard Perry ==References== ==Bibliography== == Further reading == Bowman, Albert Hall.
Driven by Jeffersonian opposition to Federal institutions, its last warship had been sold in 1785, leaving only a small flotilla belonging to the United States Revenue Cutter Service and a few neglected coastal forts.
treaties and federal legal documents re 'Quasi-War with France 1791–1800'", compiled by the Lillian Goldman Law Library of Yale Law School Wars involving France Wars involving the United States 18th century in France 18th century in the United States 1798 in France 1799 in France 1800 in France 1798 in the United States 1799 in the United States 1800 in the United States Conflicts in 1798 Conflicts in 1799 Conflicts in 1800 United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
France, then engaged in the 1792–1797 War of the First Coalition, which included Great Britain, viewed the 1794 Jay Treaty between the United States and Britain as incompatible with those treaties, and retaliated by seizing American ships trading with Britain. The United States responded by suspending repayment of French loans from the American Revolutionary War.
As the treaty had no termination date, this obligation technically included defending them from British and Dutch attacks during the 1792 to 1797 War of the First Coalition.
Despite popular enthusiasm for the French Revolution, there was little support for this in Congress; neutrality allowed Northern shipowners to earn huge profits evading the British blockade, and Southern plantation-owners feared the example set by France's abolition of slavery in 1794. Arguing the 1793 execution of Louis XVI voided existing agreements, the France Neutrality Act of 1794 unilaterally cancelled the military obligations of the 1778 treaty.
France, then engaged in the 1792–1797 War of the First Coalition, which included Great Britain, viewed the 1794 Jay Treaty between the United States and Britain as incompatible with those treaties, and retaliated by seizing American ships trading with Britain. The United States responded by suspending repayment of French loans from the American Revolutionary War.
Despite popular enthusiasm for the French Revolution, there was little support for this in Congress; neutrality allowed Northern shipowners to earn huge profits evading the British blockade, and Southern plantation-owners feared the example set by France's abolition of slavery in 1794. Arguing the 1793 execution of Louis XVI voided existing agreements, the France Neutrality Act of 1794 unilaterally cancelled the military obligations of the 1778 treaty.
It was soon apparent the US interpreted 'neutrality' as the right to trade with and provide the same privileges to both. This conflict became apparent when the US agreed to the 1794 Jay Treaty with Britain, which contradicted the 1778 Commercial Treaty with France.
It resolved outstanding issues from the American Revolution, and expanded trade between the two countries; between 1794 and 1801, American exports nearly tripled in value, from US$33 million to $94 million.
On July 7, 1798, Congress approved the use of force against French warships in American waters. ==Forces and strategy== Since ships of the line were extremely expensive and required highly specialised construction facilities, Congress compromised by ordering six large frigates in 1794.
This allowed French privateers to roam virtually unchecked; from October 1796 to June 1797, they captured 316 ships, 6% of the entire American merchant fleet, causing losses of $12 to $15 million. Congress responded by suspending repayment of French loans made during the Revolutionary War; efforts to resolve this through diplomacy ended in the 1797 dispute known as the XYZ Affair.
As the treaty had no termination date, this obligation technically included defending them from British and Dutch attacks during the 1792 to 1797 War of the First Coalition.
This allowed French privateers to roam virtually unchecked; from October 1796 to June 1797, they captured 316 ships, 6% of the entire American merchant fleet, causing losses of $12 to $15 million. Congress responded by suspending repayment of French loans made during the Revolutionary War; efforts to resolve this through diplomacy ended in the 1797 dispute known as the XYZ Affair.
The Quasi-War (Quasi-guerre) was an undeclared war fought from 1798 to 1800 between the United States and France.
On July 7, 1798, Congress authorized the use of military force against France, and re-established the United States Navy.
On July 7, 1798, Congress approved the use of force against French warships in American waters. ==Forces and strategy== Since ships of the line were extremely expensive and required highly specialised construction facilities, Congress compromised by ordering six large frigates in 1794.
Three were nearly complete by 1798, and on July 16, 1798, they approved funding for the , , and , plus the frigates USS General Greene and USS Adams.
The first American ship to see action was the USS Ganges, a converted East Indiaman with 26 guns; most were far smaller. ==Significant naval actions== From the perspective of the US Navy, the Quasi-War consisted of a series of ship to ship actions in US coastal waters and the Caribbean; one of the first was the Capture of La Croyable on 7 July 1798, by outside Egg Harbor, New Jersey.
Allen in 1909 focused exclusively on ship to ship actions, and this is how the war is remembered. In his work Stoddert's War: Naval Operations During the Quasi-War with France, 1798–1801, historian Michael Palmer writes, ==Conclusion of hostilities== By late 1800, the United States Navy and the Royal Navy, combined with a more conciliatory diplomatic stance by the government of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, had reduced the activity of the French privateers and warships.
The forgotten wars: the role of the US Navy in the quasi war with France and the Barbary Wars 1798–1805 (AS Barnes, 1968) ==External links== "Selected Bibliography of The Quasi-War with France" compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History U.S.
Department of State "The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War with France, 1798–1800" "U.S.
treaties and federal legal documents re 'Quasi-War with France 1791–1800'", compiled by the Lillian Goldman Law Library of Yale Law School Wars involving France Wars involving the United States 18th century in France 18th century in the United States 1798 in France 1799 in France 1800 in France 1798 in the United States 1799 in the United States 1800 in the United States Conflicts in 1798 Conflicts in 1799 Conflicts in 1800 United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
On 20 November, a pair of French frigates, Insurgente and Volontaire, captured the schooner , commanded by Lieutenant William Bainbridge; Retaliation would be recaptured on 28 June 1799. On 9 February 1799, the frigate captured the French Navy's frigate L'Insurgente and severely damaged the frigate La Vengeance, largely due to .
treaties and federal legal documents re 'Quasi-War with France 1791–1800'", compiled by the Lillian Goldman Law Library of Yale Law School Wars involving France Wars involving the United States 18th century in France 18th century in the United States 1798 in France 1799 in France 1800 in France 1798 in the United States 1799 in the United States 1800 in the United States Conflicts in 1798 Conflicts in 1799 Conflicts in 1800 United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
The Quasi-War (Quasi-guerre) was an undeclared war fought from 1798 to 1800 between the United States and France.
This led to the Convention of 1800, which ended the war. ==Background== Under the Treaty of Alliance (1778), the United States agreed to protect French colonies in the Caribbean in return for their support in the American Revolutionary War.
By 1 July, under the command of Stephen Decatur, had been refitted and repaired and embarked on its mission to patrol the South Atlantic coast and West Indies in search of French ships which were preying on American merchant vessels. On 1 January 1800, a convoy of American merchant ships and their escort, United States naval schooner , engaged a squadron of armed barges manned by French-allied Haitians known as picaroons off the coast of present-day Haiti.
merchant ships from captivity, while captured the French privateers Deux Amis and Diane and liberated numerous American merchant ships. American naval losses may have been light, but the French had successfully seized many American merchant ships by the war's end in 1800 – more than 2,000, according to one source. ===Role of the American Revenue-Marine=== Revenue cutters in the service of the American Revenue-Marine also took part in the conflict.
In September 1800, Hillar, Pickering, and her entire crew were lost at sea in a storm.
Allen in 1909 focused exclusively on ship to ship actions, and this is how the war is remembered. In his work Stoddert's War: Naval Operations During the Quasi-War with France, 1798–1801, historian Michael Palmer writes, ==Conclusion of hostilities== By late 1800, the United States Navy and the Royal Navy, combined with a more conciliatory diplomatic stance by the government of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, had reduced the activity of the French privateers and warships.
The Convention of 1800, signed on 30 September, ended the Quasi-War.
treaties and federal legal documents re 'Quasi-War with France 1791–1800'", compiled by the Lillian Goldman Law Library of Yale Law School Wars involving France Wars involving the United States 18th century in France 18th century in the United States 1798 in France 1799 in France 1800 in France 1798 in the United States 1799 in the United States 1800 in the United States Conflicts in 1798 Conflicts in 1799 Conflicts in 1800 United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
It resolved outstanding issues from the American Revolution, and expanded trade between the two countries; between 1794 and 1801, American exports nearly tripled in value, from US$33 million to $94 million.
Allen in 1909 focused exclusively on ship to ship actions, and this is how the war is remembered. In his work Stoddert's War: Naval Operations During the Quasi-War with France, 1798–1801, historian Michael Palmer writes, ==Conclusion of hostilities== By late 1800, the United States Navy and the Royal Navy, combined with a more conciliatory diplomatic stance by the government of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, had reduced the activity of the French privateers and warships.
The forgotten wars: the role of the US Navy in the quasi war with France and the Barbary Wars 1798–1805 (AS Barnes, 1968) ==External links== "Selected Bibliography of The Quasi-War with France" compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History U.S.
All text is taken from Wikipedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License .
Page generated on 2021-08-05