Some of the measures were alleged to have encroached on provincial jurisdictions laid out in section 92 of the British North America Act, 1867.
They were strong Conservatives; indeed one of the largest and last ships launched by the Bennett shipyard (in 1869) was the Sir John A.
Richard Bedford Bennett, 1st Viscount Bennett (3 July 1870 – 26 June 1947), was a Canadian lawyer, businessman and politician.
Bennett remained leader of the Conservative Party until 1938, when he retired to England. He was created Viscount Bennett, the only Canadian prime minister to be honoured with elevation to the peerage. ==Early life== Bennett was born on 3 July 1870, when his mother, Henrietta Stiles, was visiting at her parents' home in Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick, Canada.
She later made Bennett the lawyer for her extensive interests. ==University, early legal career== Bennett started at Dalhousie University in 1890, graduating in 1893 with a law degree and very high standing.
He studied law at Dalhousie University, graduating in 1893, and in 1897 moved to Calgary to establish a law firm in partnership with James Lougheed. Bennett served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1898 to 1905, and later in the Alberta Legislature from 1909 to 1911.
She later made Bennett the lawyer for her extensive interests. ==University, early legal career== Bennett started at Dalhousie University in 1890, graduating in 1893 with a law degree and very high standing.
He studied law at Dalhousie University, graduating in 1893, and in 1897 moved to Calgary to establish a law firm in partnership with James Lougheed. Bennett served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1898 to 1905, and later in the Alberta Legislature from 1909 to 1911.
Lougheed was Calgary's richest man and most successful lawyer. Bennett moved to Calgary in 1897.
He studied law at Dalhousie University, graduating in 1893, and in 1897 moved to Calgary to establish a law firm in partnership with James Lougheed. Bennett served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1898 to 1905, and later in the Alberta Legislature from 1909 to 1911.
Laurent, another future Prime Minister. ==Early political career== He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the North-West Territories in the 1898 general election, representing the riding of West Calgary.
He was re-elected to a second term in office in 1902 as an Independent in the North-West Territories legislature. In 1905, when Alberta was carved out of the Territories and made a province, Bennett became the first leader of the Alberta Conservative Party.
He studied law at Dalhousie University, graduating in 1893, and in 1897 moved to Calgary to establish a law firm in partnership with James Lougheed. Bennett served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1898 to 1905, and later in the Alberta Legislature from 1909 to 1911.
He was the inaugural leader of the Alberta Conservative Party from 1905, resigning upon his election to the House of Commons in 1911.
He was re-elected to a second term in office in 1902 as an Independent in the North-West Territories legislature. In 1905, when Alberta was carved out of the Territories and made a province, Bennett became the first leader of the Alberta Conservative Party.
In 1908 he was one of five people appointed to the first Library Board for the city of Calgary and was instrumental in establishing the Calgary Public Library. In 1910, Bennett became a director of Calgary Power Ltd.
He studied law at Dalhousie University, graduating in 1893, and in 1897 moved to Calgary to establish a law firm in partnership with James Lougheed. Bennett served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1898 to 1905, and later in the Alberta Legislature from 1909 to 1911.
In 1909, he won a seat in the provincial legislature, before resigning and switching to federal politics.
In 1908 he was one of five people appointed to the first Library Board for the city of Calgary and was instrumental in establishing the Calgary Public Library. In 1910, Bennett became a director of Calgary Power Ltd.
He studied law at Dalhousie University, graduating in 1893, and in 1897 moved to Calgary to establish a law firm in partnership with James Lougheed. Bennett served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1898 to 1905, and later in the Alberta Legislature from 1909 to 1911.
He was the inaugural leader of the Alberta Conservative Party from 1905, resigning upon his election to the House of Commons in 1911.
He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1911. At age 44, he tried to enlist in the Canadian military once World War I broke out, but was turned down as being medically unfit.
In 1916, Bennett was appointed director general of the National service Board, which was in charge of identifying the number of potential recruits in the country. While Bennett supported the Conservatives, he opposed Prime Minister Robert Borden's proposal for a Union Government that would include both Conservatives and Liberals, fearing that this would ultimately hurt the Conservative Party; he was proven to be correct in this analysis.
While he campaigned for Conservative candidates in the 1917 federal election he did not stand for re-election himself. ==Cabinet minister, Leader of the Conservative Party== Nevertheless, Borden's successor, Arthur Meighen appointed Bennett Minister of Justice in his government, as it headed into the 1921 federal election in which both the government and Bennett were defeated.
From 1920 to 1921, Bennett was Minister of Justice under Arthur Meighen.
From 1920 to 1921, Bennett was Minister of Justice under Arthur Meighen.
While he campaigned for Conservative candidates in the 1917 federal election he did not stand for re-election himself. ==Cabinet minister, Leader of the Conservative Party== Nevertheless, Borden's successor, Arthur Meighen appointed Bennett Minister of Justice in his government, as it headed into the 1921 federal election in which both the government and Bennett were defeated.
In 1922, he started the partnership Bennett, Hannah & Sanford, which would eventually become Bennett Jones LLP.
Bennett won the seat of Calgary West in the 1925 federal election and was returned to government as Minister of Finance in Meighen's short-lived government in 1926.
He also served briefly as Minister of Finance in Meighen's second government in 1926, serving for just under three months.
Meighen resigned the Conservative Party's leadership after its defeat at the 1926 election, with Bennett elected as his replacement (and thus Leader of the Opposition). Bennett became prime minister after the 1930 election, where the Conservatives won a majority over Mackenzie King's Liberal Party.
Bennett won the seat of Calgary West in the 1925 federal election and was returned to government as Minister of Finance in Meighen's short-lived government in 1926.
The government was defeated in the 1926 federal election.
He led the Conservative Party from 1927 to 1938. Bennett's premiership was marked primarily by the Great Depression that it overlapped and by an unsuccessful initiative to establish an imperial preference free trade agreement.
Meighen stepped down as Tory leader, and Bennett became the party's leader in 1927 at the first Conservative leadership convention. As Opposition leader, Bennett faced off against the more experienced Liberal Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King in Commons debates, and took some time to acquire enough experience to hold his own with King.
The total amount he gave personally is uncertain, although he personally estimated that in 1927–37 he spent well over 2.3 million dollars.
In 1929–30, he served as national President of the Canadian Bar Association.
He served as the 11th prime minister of Canada, in office from 1930 to 1935.
Meighen resigned the Conservative Party's leadership after its defeat at the 1926 election, with Bennett elected as his replacement (and thus Leader of the Opposition). Bennett became prime minister after the 1930 election, where the Conservatives won a majority over Mackenzie King's Liberal Party.
In 1930, King blundered badly when he made overly partisan statements in response to criticism over his handling of the economic downturn, which was hitting Canada very hard.
Bennett's critics on the left had the last word, and textbooks typically portray him as a hard-driving capitalist, pushing for American-style high tariffs and British-style imperialism, while ignoring his reform efforts. ===Confronting the Depression=== Bennett defeated Prime Minister Mackenzie King in the 1930 federal election.
He took note of and encouraged the young Lester Pearson in the early 1930s, and appointed Pearson to significant roles on two major government inquiries: the 1931 Royal Commission on Grain Futures, and the 1934 Royal Commission on Price Spreads.
Eight of the top party leaders, including Tim Buck, were arrested on 11 August 1931 and convicted under section 98.
He took note of and encouraged the young Lester Pearson in the early 1930s, and appointed Pearson to significant roles on two major government inquiries: the 1931 Royal Commission on Grain Futures, and the 1934 Royal Commission on Price Spreads.
Still, he left lasting legacies in the form of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (established 1932) and the Bank of Canada (established 1934), and was regarded even by his political opponents as instrumental in mitigating the worst potential effects of the economic depression in Canada. Bennett was born in Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick, and grew up in nearby Hopewell Cape.
When an agit-prop play depicting these events, Eight Men Speak, was suppressed on 4 December 1933 by the Toronto police, a protest meeting was held where Communist politician A.
Bennett took an active role in the House of Lords, and attended frequently until his death. Bennett's interest in increasing public awareness and accessibility to Canada's historical records, led him to serve as Vice-President of The Champlain Society from 1933 until his death. He died after suffering a heart attack while taking a bath on 26 June 1947 at Mickleham.
Still, he left lasting legacies in the form of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (established 1932) and the Bank of Canada (established 1934), and was regarded even by his political opponents as instrumental in mitigating the worst potential effects of the economic depression in Canada. Bennett was born in Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick, and grew up in nearby Hopewell Cape.
All told, Bennett's anti-Communist policy would not bode well for his political career. ===Bennett's New Deal=== In January 1934, Bennett told the provinces that they were "wasteful and extravagant", and even told Quebec and Ontario that they were wealthy enough to manage their own problems.
However, some of Bennett's initiatives, such as the Bank of Canada, which he founded in 1934, remain in place to this day, and the Canadian Wheat Board remained in place until 2011 when the government of Stephen Harper abolished it. ===Defeat=== Although there was no unity among the motley political groups that constituted Bennett's opposition, a consensus emerged that his handling of the economic crisis was insufficient and inappropriate, even from Conservative quarters.
He took note of and encouraged the young Lester Pearson in the early 1930s, and appointed Pearson to significant roles on two major government inquiries: the 1931 Royal Commission on Grain Futures, and the 1934 Royal Commission on Price Spreads.
He served as the 11th prime minister of Canada, in office from 1930 to 1935.
This about-face prompted a split within Conservative ranks, and was regarded by the general public as evidence of incompetence. Bennett suffered a landslide defeat at the 1935 election, with Mackenzie King returning for a third term.
The party was torn between reaction and reform, with deep internal factionalism that led to its defeat in 1935.
Camp workers in BC struck on 4 April 1935, and, after two months of protesting in Vancouver, began the On-to-Ottawa Trek to bring their grievances to Bennett's doorstep.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) read the Riot Act to a crowd of 3,000 strikers and their supporters in Regina on 1 July 1935, resulting in two deaths and dozens of injured.
In a series of five radio speeches to the nation in January 1935, Bennett introduced a Canadian version of the "New Deal", involving unprecedented public spending and federal intervention in the economy.
The Tories were decimated in the October 1935 general election, winning only 40 seats to 173 for Mackenzie King's Liberals.
He visited the Regiment in England during the Second World War, and always ensured the 1st Battalion had a turkey dinner at Christmas every year they were overseas, including the Christmas of 1944 when the battalion was holding front line positions in the Nijmegen Salient. Bennett served as the Rector of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, from 1935 to 1937, even while he was still prime minister.
The book also claims that in a 1936 letter to Bennett, A.
He visited the Regiment in England during the Second World War, and always ensured the 1st Battalion had a turkey dinner at Christmas every year they were overseas, including the Christmas of 1944 when the battalion was holding front line positions in the Nijmegen Salient. Bennett served as the Rector of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, from 1935 to 1937, even while he was still prime minister.
He led the Conservative Party from 1927 to 1938. Bennett's premiership was marked primarily by the Great Depression that it overlapped and by an unsuccessful initiative to establish an imperial preference free trade agreement.
Bennett remained leader of the Conservative Party until 1938, when he retired to England. He was created Viscount Bennett, the only Canadian prime minister to be honoured with elevation to the peerage. ==Early life== Bennett was born on 3 July 1870, when his mother, Henrietta Stiles, was visiting at her parents' home in Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick, Canada.
Bennett 1945 43p,Published by Dorothy Crisp & Co Ltd Holborn London ==Honours== ===Hereditary peerage=== He was elevated to a Hereditary Peerage on 16 July 1941.
He visited the Regiment in England during the Second World War, and always ensured the 1st Battalion had a turkey dinner at Christmas every year they were overseas, including the Christmas of 1944 when the battalion was holding front line positions in the Nijmegen Salient. Bennett served as the Rector of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, from 1935 to 1937, even while he was still prime minister.
Bennett 1945 43p,Published by Dorothy Crisp & Co Ltd Holborn London ==Honours== ===Hereditary peerage=== He was elevated to a Hereditary Peerage on 16 July 1941.
Richard Bedford Bennett, 1st Viscount Bennett (3 July 1870 – 26 June 1947), was a Canadian lawyer, businessman and politician.
Bennett took an active role in the House of Lords, and attended frequently until his death. Bennett's interest in increasing public awareness and accessibility to Canada's historical records, led him to serve as Vice-President of The Champlain Society from 1933 until his death. He died after suffering a heart attack while taking a bath on 26 June 1947 at Mickleham.
The Tories would not form a majority government again in Canada until 1958.
Bennett: A Biography, 1963. Wilbur, J.
The Bennett New Deal: Fraud or Portent, 1968 ===Historiography=== Glassford, Larry.
Granatstein and Norman Hillmer. A 2001 book by Quebec nationalist writer Normand Lester, Le Livre noir du Canada anglais (later translated as The Black Book of English Canada) accused Bennett of having a political affiliation with, and of having provided financial support to, fascist Quebec writer Adrien Arcand.
The Authentic Voice of Canada, (McGill – Queen's University Press, Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2009, .
However, some of Bennett's initiatives, such as the Bank of Canada, which he founded in 1934, remain in place to this day, and the Canadian Wheat Board remained in place until 2011 when the government of Stephen Harper abolished it. ===Defeat=== Although there was no unity among the motley political groups that constituted Bennett's opposition, a consensus emerged that his handling of the economic crisis was insufficient and inappropriate, even from Conservative quarters.
August, 2012) online ===Primary sources=== McCreery, Christopher and Arthur Milnes, eds.
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