René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926), better known as Rainer Maria Rilke (), was a Bohemian-Austrian poet and novelist.
His parents' marriage failed in 1884.
His parents pressured the poetically and artistically talented youth into entering a military academy in Sankt Pölten, Lower Austria, which he attended from 1886 until 1891, when he left owing to illness.
His parents pressured the poetically and artistically talented youth into entering a military academy in Sankt Pölten, Lower Austria, which he attended from 1886 until 1891, when he left owing to illness.
Expelled from school in May 1892, the 16-year-old prematurely returned to Prague.
From 1892 to 1895, he was tutored for the university entrance exam, which he passed in 1895.
Quoting Susan Haskins: "But it was his [Rilke's] explicit belief that Christ was not divine, was entirely human, and deified only on Calvary, expressed in an unpublished poem of 1893, and referred to in other poems of the same period, which allowed him to portray Christ's love for Mary Magdalen, though remarkable, as entirely human." ===Legacy=== Rilke is one of the more popular, best-selling poets in the United States.
From 1892 to 1895, he was tutored for the university entrance exam, which he passed in 1895.
Until 1896, he studied literature, art history, and philosophy in Prague and Munich. ===Munich and Saint Petersburg=== Rilke met and fell in love with the widely travelled, intellectual woman of letters, Lou Andreas-Salomé in 1897 in Munich.
Until 1896, he studied literature, art history, and philosophy in Prague and Munich. ===Munich and Saint Petersburg=== Rilke met and fell in love with the widely travelled, intellectual woman of letters, Lou Andreas-Salomé in 1897 in Munich.
Having trained from 1912 to 1913 as a psychoanalyst with Sigmund Freud, she shared her knowledge of psychoanalysis with Rilke. In 1898 Rilke undertook a journey lasting several weeks to Italy.
For example, in his epitaph, the rose is a symbol of sleep (rose petals are reminiscent of closed eyelids). Rilke's little-known 1898 poem, "Visions of Christ" depicted Mary Magdalene as the mother of Jesus' child.
His relationship with this married woman, with whom he undertook two extensive trips to Russia, lasted until 1900.
Between May and August 1900, a second journey to Russia, accompanied only by Lou, again took him to Moscow and Saint Petersburg, where he met the family of Boris Pasternak and Spiridon Drozhzhin, a peasant poet.
Tavis cites the cultures of Bohemia and Russia as the key influences on Rilke's poetry and consciousness. In 1900, Rilke stayed at the artists' colony at Worpswede.
Their daughter Ruth (1901–1972) was born in December 1901. ===Paris (1902–1910)=== In the summer of 1902, Rilke left home and travelled to Paris to write a monograph on the sculptor Auguste Rodin.
Their daughter Ruth (1901–1972) was born in December 1901. ===Paris (1902–1910)=== In the summer of 1902, Rilke left home and travelled to Paris to write a monograph on the sculptor Auguste Rodin.
The young Kappus wrote to Rilke, who had also attended the academy, between 1902 and 1908 when he was uncertain about his future career as a military officer or as a poet.
This small wound failed to heal, grew rapidly worse, soon his entire arm was swollen, and his other arm became affected as well", and so he died. ==Writings== ===The Book of Hours=== Rilke's three complete cycles of poems that constitute The Book of Hours (Das Stunden-Buch) were published by Insel Verlag in April 1905.
His work also incorporates impressionistic techniques that were influenced by Cézanne and Rodin (to whom Rilke was secretary in 1905–1906).
Rilke had developed an admiration for El Greco as early as 1908, so he visited Toledo during the winter of 1912/13 to see Greco's paintings.
The young Kappus wrote to Rilke, who had also attended the academy, between 1902 and 1908 when he was uncertain about his future career as a military officer or as a poet.
These poems explore the Christian search for God and the nature of Prayer, using symbolism from Saint Francis and Rilke's observation of Orthodox Christianity during his travels in Russia in the early years of the twentieth century. ===The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge=== Rilke wrote his only novel, Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge (translated as The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge), while living in Paris, completing the work in 1910.
Having trained from 1912 to 1913 as a psychoanalyst with Sigmund Freud, she shared her knowledge of psychoanalysis with Rilke. In 1898 Rilke undertook a journey lasting several weeks to Italy.
There, in 1912, he began the poem cycle called the Duino Elegies, which would remain unfinished for a decade because of a long-lasting creativity crisis.
Rilke had developed an admiration for El Greco as early as 1908, so he visited Toledo during the winter of 1912/13 to see Greco's paintings.
He combines these techniques and motifs to conjure images of mankind's anxiety and alienation in the face of an increasingly scientific, industrial and reified world. ===Duino Elegies=== Rilke began writing the elegies in 1912 while a guest of Princess Marie von Thurn und Taxis (1855–1934) at Duino Castle, near Trieste on the Adriatic Sea.
Having trained from 1912 to 1913 as a psychoanalyst with Sigmund Freud, she shared her knowledge of psychoanalysis with Rilke. In 1898 Rilke undertook a journey lasting several weeks to Italy.
Aside from brief episodes of writing in 1913 and 1915, Rilke did not return to the work until a few years after the war ended.
From 1914 to 1916 he had a turbulent affair with the painter Lou Albert-Lasard.
Aside from brief episodes of writing in 1913 and 1915, Rilke did not return to the work until a few years after the war ended.
From 1914 to 1916 he had a turbulent affair with the painter Lou Albert-Lasard.
Rilke was called up at the beginning of 1916 and had to undertake basic training in Vienna.
Influential friends interceded on his behalf – he was transferred to the War Records Office and discharged from the military on 9 June 1916.
In 1950 her Correspondence in Verse with Rilke was published and received much praise. Rilke supported the Russian Revolution in 1917 as well as the Bavarian Soviet Republic in 1919.
The traumatic experience of military service, a reminder of the horrors of the military academy, almost completely silenced him as a poet. ===Switzerland and Muzot (1919–1926)=== On 11 June 1919, Rilke travelled from Munich to Switzerland.
In 1950 her Correspondence in Verse with Rilke was published and received much praise. Rilke supported the Russian Revolution in 1917 as well as the Bavarian Soviet Republic in 1919.
In an intense creative period, Rilke completed the Duino Elegies in several weeks in February 1922.
In May 1922, Rilke's patron Werner Reinhart bought and renovated Muzot so that Rilke could live there rent-free. During this time, Reinhart introduced Rilke to his protégée, the Australian violinist Alma Moodie.
With a sudden, renewed inspiration – writing in a frantic pace he described as "a savage creative storm" – he completed the collection in February 1922 while staying at Château de Muzot in Veyras, in Switzerland's Rhône Valley.
In 1922, between February 2 and 5, he completed the first section of 26 sonnets.
And she plays mostly Bach! Muzot has received its musical christening ..." From 1923 on, Rilke increasingly struggled with health problems that necessitated many long stays at a sanatorium in Territet near Montreux on Lake Geneva.
Despite this, numerous important individual poems appeared in the years 1923–1926 (including Gong and Mausoleum), as well as his abundant lyrical work in French.
His book of French poems Vergers was published in 1926. In 1924 began writing poems to Rilke, who wrote back with approximately 50 poems of his own and called her verse a Herzlandschaft (landscape of the heart).
His long stay in Paris between January and August 1925 was an attempt to escape his illness through a change in location and living conditions.
René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926), better known as Rainer Maria Rilke (), was a Bohemian-Austrian poet and novelist.
He met Polish-German painter Baladine Klossowska, with whom he was in relationship to his death in 1926.
His book of French poems Vergers was published in 1926. In 1924 began writing poems to Rilke, who wrote back with approximately 50 poems of his own and called her verse a Herzlandschaft (landscape of the heart).
In January and February 1926, Rilke wrote three letters to the Mussolini-adversary Aurelia Gallarati in which he praised Benito Mussolini and described fascism as a healing agent. ===Death and burial=== Shortly before his death, Rilke's illness was diagnosed as leukemia.
Open-eyed, he died in the arms of his doctor on December 29, 1926, in the Valmont Sanatorium in Switzerland.
He was buried on January 2, 1927, in the Raron cemetery to the west of Visp. Rilke had chosen as his own epitaph this poem: Rose, oh reiner Widerspruch, Lust, Niemandes Schlaf zu sein unter soviel Lidern. Rose, o pure contradiction, desire to be no one's sleep beneath so many lids. A myth developed surrounding his death and roses.
Other themes involve animals, peoples of different cultures, and time and death. ===Letters to a Young Poet=== In 1929 a minor writer, Franz Xaver Kappus (1883–1966), published a collection of ten letters that Rilke had written to him when Kappus was a 19-year-old officer cadet studying at the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt.
In 1950 her Correspondence in Verse with Rilke was published and received much praise. Rilke supported the Russian Revolution in 1917 as well as the Bavarian Soviet Republic in 1919.
Maney, 1980. Hutchinson, Ben.
Frederick Ungar, 1981.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Schwarz, Egon, Poetry and Politics in the Works of Rainer Maria Rilke.
Knopf, 2000. Goldsmith, Ulrich, ed., Rainer Maria Rilke, a verse concordance to his complete lyrical poetry.
Rilke's Poetics of Becoming, Oxford: Legenda, 2006. Leeder, Karen, and Robert Vilain (eds), The Cambridge Companion to Rilke.
Mood, John, A New Reading of Rilke's 'Elegies': Affirming the Unity of 'life-and-death Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 2009.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Olms, Hildesheim, 2010.
. Neuman, Claude, The Sonnets to Orpheus and Selected Poems, English and French rhymed and metered translations, trilingual German-English-French editions, Editions www.ressouvenances.fr, 2017, 2018 ==External links== Rainer Maria Rilke: Letters to a Young Poet, The first letter.
. Neuman, Claude, The Sonnets to Orpheus and Selected Poems, English and French rhymed and metered translations, trilingual German-English-French editions, Editions www.ressouvenances.fr, 2017, 2018 ==External links== Rainer Maria Rilke: Letters to a Young Poet, The first letter.
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