It is named after George Brayton, the American engineer who developed it, although it was originally proposed and patented by Englishman John Barber in 1791.
Arthur C Clarke credited this book with conceiving of the ramjet, and being the first fictional example of a rocket-powered space flight. ===René Lorin=== The ramjet was conceived in 1913 by French inventor René Lorin, who was granted a patent for his device.
Attempts to build a prototype failed due to inadequate materials. ===Albert Fonó=== In 1915, Hungarian inventor Albert Fonó devised a solution for increasing the range of artillery, comprising a gun-launched projectile which was to be united with a ramjet propulsion unit, thus giving a long range from relatively low muzzle velocities, allowing heavy shells to be fired from relatively lightweight guns.
After World War I, Fonó returned to the subject of jet propulsion, in May 1928 describing an "air-jet engine" which he described as being suitable for high-altitude supersonic aircraft, in a German patent application.
554,906, 1932-11-02). ===Soviet Union=== In the Soviet Union, a theory of supersonic ramjet engines was presented in 1928 by Boris Stechkin.
The patent was granted in 1932 after four years of examination (German Patent No.
554,906, 1932-11-02). ===Soviet Union=== In the Soviet Union, a theory of supersonic ramjet engines was presented in 1928 by Boris Stechkin.
Merkulov and tested in April 1933.
This project competed with the R-7 ICBM being developed by Sergei Korolev, and was cancelled in 1957. On March 1, 2018 President Vladimir Putin announced Russia had developed a (presumed) nuclear powered ramjet cruise missile capable of extended long range flight. ===Germany=== In 1936, Hellmuth Walter constructed a test engine powered by natural gas.
These shells may have been the first jet-powered projectiles to break the speed of sound. In 1939, Merkulov did further ramjet tests using a two-stage rocket, the R-3.
The world's first ramjet-powered airplane flight took place in December 1940, using two DM-2 engines on a modified Polikarpov I-15.
In 1940, the Kostikov-302 experimental plane was designed, powered by a liquid fuel rocket for take-off and ramjet engines for flight.
Merkulov designed a ramjet fighter "Samolet D" in 1941, which was never completed.
In 1941, Eugen Sänger of DFL proposed a ramjet engine with a very high combustion chamber temperature.
That project was cancelled in 1944. In 1947, Mstislav Keldysh proposed a long-range antipodal bomber, similar to the Sänger-Bredt bomber, but powered by ramjet instead of rocket.
That project was cancelled in 1944. In 1947, Mstislav Keldysh proposed a long-range antipodal bomber, similar to the Sänger-Bredt bomber, but powered by ramjet instead of rocket.
The ramjet Gorgon IVs, made by Glenn Martin, were tested in 1948 and 1949 at Naval Air Station Point Mugu.
The ramjet Gorgon IVs, made by Glenn Martin, were tested in 1948 and 1949 at Naval Air Station Point Mugu.
Time magazine reported Fritz Zwicky's work in the articles "Missed Swiss" on July 11, 1955 and "Underwater Jet" in the March 14, 1949 issue. ===France=== In France, the works of René Leduc were notable.
Leduc's Model, the Leduc 0.10 was one of the first ramjet-powered aircraft to fly, in 1949. The Nord 1500 Griffon reached in 1958. ==Engine cycle== The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the workings of the gas turbine engine, the basis of the airbreathing jet engine and others.
. ==External links== NASA ramjet information and model "Riding The Ramjet" January 1949, Popular Mechanics article that covers the USAF first experiment with ramjets on a P-80 fighter The Boeing Logbook: 2002–2004 Design notes on a ramjet-powered helicopter Extensive overview on ramjets and scramjets by French ONERA Jet engines
The engine was long and in diameter and was positioned below the missile. In the early 1950s the US developed a Mach 4+ ramjet under the Lockheed X-7 program.
Further development resulted in the Lockheed D-21 spy drone. In the late 1950s the US Navy introduced a system called the RIM-8 Talos, which was a long range surface to air missile fired from ships.
It was also used as a surface to surface weapon and was successfully modified to destroy land based radar systems. Using the technology proven by the AQM-60, In the late 1950s and early 1960s the US produced a widespread defense system called the CIM-10 Bomarc, which was equipped with hundreds of nuclear armed ramjet missiles with a range of several hundred miles.
The system was withdrawn in the 1970s as the threat from bombers was reduced. ===United Kingdom=== In the late 1950s and early 1960s the UK developed several ramjet missiles. A project called Blue Envoy was supposed to equip the country with a long range ramjet powered air defense against bombers, but the system was eventually cancelled. It was replaced by a much shorter range ramjet missile system called the Bloodhound.
In 1954, NPO Lavochkin and the Keldysh Institute began development of a Mach 3 ramjet-powered cruise missile, Burya.
Time magazine reported Fritz Zwicky's work in the articles "Missed Swiss" on July 11, 1955 and "Underwater Jet" in the March 14, 1949 issue. ===France=== In France, the works of René Leduc were notable.
This project competed with the R-7 ICBM being developed by Sergei Korolev, and was cancelled in 1957. On March 1, 2018 President Vladimir Putin announced Russia had developed a (presumed) nuclear powered ramjet cruise missile capable of extended long range flight. ===Germany=== In 1936, Hellmuth Walter constructed a test engine powered by natural gas.
Leduc's Model, the Leduc 0.10 was one of the first ramjet-powered aircraft to fly, in 1949. The Nord 1500 Griffon reached in 1958. ==Engine cycle== The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the workings of the gas turbine engine, the basis of the airbreathing jet engine and others.
The US, Canada, and UK had widespread ramjet powered missile defenses during the 1960s onward, such as the CIM-10 Bomarc and Bloodhound.
It was also used as a surface to surface weapon and was successfully modified to destroy land based radar systems. Using the technology proven by the AQM-60, In the late 1950s and early 1960s the US produced a widespread defense system called the CIM-10 Bomarc, which was equipped with hundreds of nuclear armed ramjet missiles with a range of several hundred miles.
The system was withdrawn in the 1970s as the threat from bombers was reduced. ===United Kingdom=== In the late 1950s and early 1960s the UK developed several ramjet missiles. A project called Blue Envoy was supposed to equip the country with a long range ramjet powered air defense against bombers, but the system was eventually cancelled. It was replaced by a much shorter range ramjet missile system called the Bloodhound.
The system was designed as a second line of defense in case attackers were able to bypass the fleet of defending English Electric Lightning fighters. In the 1960s the Royal Navy developed and deployed a ramjet powered surface to air missile for ships called the Sea Dart.
On May 23, 1968, a Talos fired from USS Long Beach shot down a Vietnamese MiG at a range of about .
The system was withdrawn in the 1970s as the threat from bombers was reduced. ===United Kingdom=== In the late 1950s and early 1960s the UK developed several ramjet missiles. A project called Blue Envoy was supposed to equip the country with a long range ramjet powered air defense against bombers, but the system was eventually cancelled. It was replaced by a much shorter range ramjet missile system called the Bloodhound.
9, February–May 1979, pp. 55–60.
. ==External links== NASA ramjet information and model "Riding The Ramjet" January 1949, Popular Mechanics article that covers the USAF first experiment with ramjets on a P-80 fighter The Boeing Logbook: 2002–2004 Design notes on a ramjet-powered helicopter Extensive overview on ramjets and scramjets by French ONERA Jet engines
the Boeing X-43). As of May 2010, this engine has been tested to attain for 200 seconds on the X-51A Waverider. ===Standing oblique detonation ramjets (Sodramjets)=== Standing oblique detonation ramjets (Sodramjets) replace the diffusive ramjet combustion with an oblique detonation.
This project competed with the R-7 ICBM being developed by Sergei Korolev, and was cancelled in 1957. On March 1, 2018 President Vladimir Putin announced Russia had developed a (presumed) nuclear powered ramjet cruise missile capable of extended long range flight. ===Germany=== In 1936, Hellmuth Walter constructed a test engine powered by natural gas.
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