of Tiverton, Rhode Island, had taken up Acadian land in 1760 as one of the New England Planters.
Sir Robert Laird Borden (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the eighth prime minister of Canada, in office from 1911 to 1920.
His cousin Sir Frederick Borden was a prominent Liberal politician. Robert Borden was the last Canadian Prime Minister born before Confederation. ==Lawyer== From 1868 to 1874, he worked as a teacher in Grand-Pré and Matawan, New Jersey.
His cousin Sir Frederick Borden was a prominent Liberal politician. Robert Borden was the last Canadian Prime Minister born before Confederation. ==Lawyer== From 1868 to 1874, he worked as a teacher in Grand-Pré and Matawan, New Jersey.
Seeing no future in teaching, he returned to Nova Scotia in 1874.
He was called to the bar in 1878, and soon became one of Nova Scotia's most prominent barristers.
In August 1878, he was called to the Nova Scotia Bar, placing first in the bar examinations.
In 1880, he was inducted into the Freemasons – St Andrew's lodge #1. In 1882, he was asked by Wallace Graham to move to Halifax and join the Conservative law firm headed by Graham and Charles Hibbert Tupper.
In 1880, he was inducted into the Freemasons – St Andrew's lodge #1. In 1882, he was asked by Wallace Graham to move to Halifax and join the Conservative law firm headed by Graham and Charles Hibbert Tupper.
In the Autumn of 1889, when he was only 35, Borden became the senior partner following the departure of Graham and Tupper for the bench and politics, respectively.
His financial future guaranteed, on September 25, 1889, he married Laura Bond (1861–1940), the daughter of a Halifax hardware merchant.
Bond, September 1889.
By the time he was prevailed upon to enter politics, Borden had what some judged to be the largest legal practice in the Maritime Provinces, and had become a wealthy man. ==Conservative Party in opposition== Borden was a Liberal until he broke with the party in 1891 over the issue of Reciprocity. He was elected to Parliament in the 1896 federal election as a Conservative and in 1901 was selected by the Conservative caucus to succeed Sir Charles Tupper as leader of the Conservative Party.
In 1893, Borden successfully argued the first of two cases which he took to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
In 1894, he bought a large property and home on the south side of Quinpool Road, which the couple called "Pinehurst".
Borden was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1896, representing the Conservative Party.
In 1896, he became President of the Nova Scotia Barristers' Society, and took the initiative in organizing the founding meetings of the Canadian Bar Association in Montreal within the same year.
By the time he was prevailed upon to enter politics, Borden had what some judged to be the largest legal practice in the Maritime Provinces, and had become a wealthy man. ==Conservative Party in opposition== Borden was a Liberal until he broke with the party in 1891 over the issue of Reciprocity. He was elected to Parliament in the 1896 federal election as a Conservative and in 1901 was selected by the Conservative caucus to succeed Sir Charles Tupper as leader of the Conservative Party.
Canada: 1896–1921. Cook, George L.
He replaced Charles Tupper as party leader in 1901, and became prime minister after the party's victory at the 1911 federal election. As prime minister, Borden led Canada through World War I and its immediate aftermath.
By the time he was prevailed upon to enter politics, Borden had what some judged to be the largest legal practice in the Maritime Provinces, and had become a wealthy man. ==Conservative Party in opposition== Borden was a Liberal until he broke with the party in 1891 over the issue of Reciprocity. He was elected to Parliament in the 1896 federal election as a Conservative and in 1901 was selected by the Conservative caucus to succeed Sir Charles Tupper as leader of the Conservative Party.
She served as president of the Local Council of Women of Halifax, until her resignation in 1901.
He was defeated in his Halifax seat in the 1904 federal election and re-entered the House of Commons the next year via a by-election in Carleton.
Over the next decade he worked to rebuild the party and establish a reform policy, the Halifax Platform of 1907 which he described as "the most advanced and progressive policy ever put forward in Federal affairs".
Despite his efforts, his party lost the 1908 federal election to Wilfrid Laurier's Liberals.
Sir Robert Laird Borden (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the eighth prime minister of Canada, in office from 1911 to 1920.
He replaced Charles Tupper as party leader in 1901, and became prime minister after the party's victory at the 1911 federal election. As prime minister, Borden led Canada through World War I and its immediate aftermath.
His party's fortunes turned around in the 1911 federal election, however, when the Conservatives successfully campaigned against Laurier's proposals for a Reciprocity (free trade) agreement with the United States.
"Robert Borden and the Election of 1911." Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 1959, Vol.
Churchill, Borden and Anglo-Canadian Naval Relations, 1911-14 (Springer, 2013). ==External links== Sir Robert Borden fonds at Library and Archives Canada Comments on the Senate's rejection of the Naval Aid Bill Historic plaque at Grand-Pré Photograph:Robert L.
For the 1917 federal election (the first in six years), Borden created the Unionist Party, an amalgam of Conservatives and pro-conscription Liberals; his government was re-elected with an overwhelming majority. Borden retired from politics in 1920, having accepted a knighthood in 1915 – the last Canadian prime minister to be knighted.
She served as President of the Aberdeen Association, Vice-President of the Women's Work Exchange in Halifax, and Corresponding Secretary of the Associated Charities of the United States. ==Honours== Borden was the last Canadian Prime Minister to be knighted (in 1915) since, in deference to the Nickle Resolution, no others have been.
His government passed the War Measures Act, created the Canadian Expeditionary Force, and eventually introduced compulsory military service, which sparked the 1917 conscription crisis.
For the 1917 federal election (the first in six years), Borden created the Unionist Party, an amalgam of Conservatives and pro-conscription Liberals; his government was re-elected with an overwhelming majority. Borden retired from politics in 1920, having accepted a knighthood in 1915 – the last Canadian prime minister to be knighted.
Borden's determination to meet that huge commitment led to the Military Service Act and the Conscription Crisis of 1917, which split the country on linguistic lines.
In 1917 Borden recruited members of the Liberals (with the notable exception of leader Wilfrid Laurier) to create a Unionist government.
The 1917 election saw the "Government" candidates (including a number of Liberal-Unionists) crush the Opposition "Laurier Liberals" in English Canada resulting in a large parliamentary majority for Borden. Sir Robert Borden pledged himself during the campaign to equal suffrage for women.
Borden also introduced the first Canadian income tax under Income War Tax Act of 1917, which was then meant to be temporary but later became permanent. Convinced that Canada had become a nation on the battlefields of Europe, Borden demanded that it have a separate seat at the Paris Peace Conference.
"Sir Robert Borden, Lloyd George and British Military Policy, 1917-1918." The Historical Journal 14.2 (1971): 371–395.
With his return to power, he introduced a bill in 1918 for extending the franchise to women.
On the home front, it dealt with the consequences of the Halifax Explosion, introduced women's suffrage for federal elections, and used the North-West Mounted Police to break up the 1919 Winnipeg general strike.
Borden was the last Prime Minister to be knighted after the House of Commons indicated its desire for the discontinuation of the granting of any future titles to Canadians in 1919 with the adoption of the Nickle Resolution. ===Post-war government=== In 1919, Borden approved the use of troops to put down the Winnipeg general strike, which was feared to be the result of Bolshevik agitation from the Soviet Union. ==Post-political career== Sir Robert Borden retired from office in 1920.
London: John Murray (on the Paris Peace Conference of 1919) Macquarrie, Heath.
Sir Robert Laird Borden (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the eighth prime minister of Canada, in office from 1911 to 1920.
For the 1917 federal election (the first in six years), Borden created the Unionist Party, an amalgam of Conservatives and pro-conscription Liberals; his government was re-elected with an overwhelming majority. Borden retired from politics in 1920, having accepted a knighthood in 1915 – the last Canadian prime minister to be knighted.
Borden was the last Prime Minister to be knighted after the House of Commons indicated its desire for the discontinuation of the granting of any future titles to Canadians in 1919 with the adoption of the Nickle Resolution. ===Post-war government=== In 1919, Borden approved the use of troops to put down the Winnipeg general strike, which was feared to be the result of Bolshevik agitation from the Soviet Union. ==Post-political career== Sir Robert Borden retired from office in 1920.
He also served as President of the Canadian Historical Association in 1930–31. Borden's successor Arthur Meighen was defeated by the new Liberal leader William Lyon Mackenzie King in the 1921 election.
Nevertheless, Borden would go on to represent Canada once more on the international stage when he attended the Washington Naval Conference in 1922 and signed the resulting arms reduction treaty on Canada's behalf. At the time of his death, Borden stood as president of two financial institutions: Barclays Bank of Canada and the Crown Life Insurance Company.
Borden served as Vice-President of The Champlain Society between 1923 and 1925 and was the Society's first Honorary President between 1925 and 1938.
He was the Chancellor of Queen's University from 1924 to 1930.
Borden served as Vice-President of The Champlain Society between 1923 and 1925 and was the Society's first Honorary President between 1925 and 1938.
He was the Chancellor of Queen's University from 1924 to 1930.
He also served as President of the Canadian Historical Association in 1930–31. Borden's successor Arthur Meighen was defeated by the new Liberal leader William Lyon Mackenzie King in the 1921 election.
Bennett (Prime Minister 1930–35) was created 1st Viscount Bennett after leaving office. Sir Robert Borden was honoured by having two secondary schools named after him, in the Nepean part of Ottawa, and in the Scarborough section of Toronto. Sir Robert Borden was also honoured by having Sir Robert Borden Junior High School named after him in Cole Harbour, Nova Scotia. The town of Borden, Western Australia, was named after him. In their book Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders, J. L.
Sir Robert Laird Borden (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the eighth prime minister of Canada, in office from 1911 to 1920.
Borden died on June 10, 1937, in Ottawa and is buried in the Beechwood Cemetery marked by a simple stone cross. ==Family== Robert Laird Borden married Laura Bond, youngest daughter of the late T.
Borden served as Vice-President of The Champlain Society between 1923 and 1925 and was the Society's first Honorary President between 1925 and 1938.
"Robert Borden and the Election of 1911." Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 1959, Vol.
His portrait has appeared on Canadian one hundred-dollar notes produced since 1976, but in late 2016 the government announced Borden's image would be removed during the next redesign. ==Early life and career== Robert Laird Borden was born and educated in Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia, a farming community at the eastern end of the Annapolis Valley, where his great-grandfather Perry Borden, Sr.
Churchill, Borden and Anglo-Canadian Naval Relations, 1911-14 (Springer, 2013). ==External links== Sir Robert Borden fonds at Library and Archives Canada Comments on the Senate's rejection of the Naval Aid Bill Historic plaque at Grand-Pré Photograph:Robert L.
His portrait has appeared on Canadian one hundred-dollar notes produced since 1976, but in late 2016 the government announced Borden's image would be removed during the next redesign. ==Early life and career== Robert Laird Borden was born and educated in Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia, a farming community at the eastern end of the Annapolis Valley, where his great-grandfather Perry Borden, Sr.
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