During the late 1800s (and even the early 1900s), the two forms of the game were very similar (to the point where the United States was able to win the gold medal for rugby union at the 1924 Summer Olympics), but numerous rule changes have differentiated the gridiron-based game from its rugby counterpart, introduced by Walter Camp in the United States and John Thrift Meldrum Burnside in Canada.
After the schism, the separate clubs were named "rugby league" and "rugby union". {|class="wikitable" width=860px !width=60px|Date !width=800px| Event |- | 1100–1800 || Many different types of football are played throughout Britain. |- | 1830 || Running with the ball in hands became common in 1830s at Rugby School and Rugby School football became popular throughout the UK in the 1850s, and 1860s. |- | 1845 || First written code of rules adopted at Rugby School by William Delafield Arnold, W.
In fact, the governing body of Canadian football, Football Canada, was known as the Canadian Rugby Union as late as 1967, more than fifty years after the sport parted ways with the established rules of rugby union or league. Rugby football was thought to have been started about 1845 at Rugby School in Rugby, Warwickshire, England although forms of football in which the ball was carried and tossed date to medieval times.
After the schism, the separate clubs were named "rugby league" and "rugby union". {|class="wikitable" width=860px !width=60px|Date !width=800px| Event |- | 1100–1800 || Many different types of football are played throughout Britain. |- | 1830 || Running with the ball in hands became common in 1830s at Rugby School and Rugby School football became popular throughout the UK in the 1850s, and 1860s. |- | 1845 || First written code of rules adopted at Rugby School by William Delafield Arnold, W.
After the schism, the separate clubs were named "rugby league" and "rugby union". {|class="wikitable" width=860px !width=60px|Date !width=800px| Event |- | 1100–1800 || Many different types of football are played throughout Britain. |- | 1830 || Running with the ball in hands became common in 1830s at Rugby School and Rugby School football became popular throughout the UK in the 1850s, and 1860s. |- | 1845 || First written code of rules adopted at Rugby School by William Delafield Arnold, W.
Shirley and Frederick Hutchins. |- | 1857 || The first ever match in Scotland was in December 1857, Edinburgh University v.
After the schism, the separate clubs were named "rugby league" and "rugby union". {|class="wikitable" width=860px !width=60px|Date !width=800px| Event |- | 1100–1800 || Many different types of football are played throughout Britain. |- | 1830 || Running with the ball in hands became common in 1830s at Rugby School and Rugby School football became popular throughout the UK in the 1850s, and 1860s. |- | 1845 || First written code of rules adopted at Rugby School by William Delafield Arnold, W.
Edinburgh Academicals |- | 1861 || The Montevideo Cricket Club is founded in Montevideo, Uruguay.
For example, New Zealand had Ki-o-rahi, Australia marn grook, Japan kemari, Georgia lelo burti, the Scottish Borders Jeddart Ba' and Cornwall Cornish hurling, Central Italy Calcio Fiorentino, South Wales cnapan, East Anglia Campball and Ireland had caid, an ancestor of Gaelic football. === Establishment of modern rugby === In 1871, English clubs met to form the Rugby Football Union (RFU).
This movement would later evolve into Canadian football. |- | 1871 || The Rugby Football Union is founded, following a meeting of 25 clubs at the Pall Mall restaurant. |- | 1871 || First recognised international rugby match, played between England and Scotland. |- | 1876 || Matthew Bloxam's letter is published in The Meteor.
This movement would later evolve into Canadian football. |- | 1871 || The Rugby Football Union is founded, following a meeting of 25 clubs at the Pall Mall restaurant. |- | 1871 || First recognised international rugby match, played between England and Scotland. |- | 1876 || Matthew Bloxam's letter is published in The Meteor.
This was despite the fact that the Rugby Football Union (RFU) was allowing other players to be paid, such as the 1888 British Isles team that toured Australasia, and the account of Harry Hamill of his payments to represent New South Wales (NSW) against England in 1904. |- | 1893 || Yorkshire clubs propose allowing players to be paid six shillings 'broken-time' payments when they miss work due to matches.
In 1892, after charges of professionalism (compensation of team members) were made against some clubs for paying players for missing work, the Northern Rugby Football Union, usually called the Northern Union (NU), was formed.
This was despite the fact that the Rugby Football Union (RFU) was allowing other players to be paid, such as the 1888 British Isles team that toured Australasia, and the account of Harry Hamill of his payments to represent New South Wales (NSW) against England in 1904. |- | 1893 || Yorkshire clubs propose allowing players to be paid six shillings 'broken-time' payments when they miss work due to matches.
Rugby split into two sports in 1895, when twenty-one clubs split from the Rugby Football Union to form the Northern Rugby Football Union (later renamed the Rugby Football League in 1922) in the George Hotel, Huddersfield, over broken-time payments to players who took time off from work to play the sport, thus making rugby league the first code to turn professional and pay players.
In addition to these two codes, both American and Canadian football evolved from rugby football in the beginning of the 20th century. == Forms == Following the 1895 split in rugby football, the two forms rugby league and rugby union differed in administration only.
Widespread suspensions of northern clubs and players begin. |- | 1895 || The Schism in rugby football results in the formation of the Northern Rugby Football Union (NRFU).
Within fifteen years of that first meeting in Huddersfield, more than 200 RFU clubs had left to join the Northern Union. |- | 1897 || To make the game more exciting, the Northern Union abolishes the line-out and reduces value of all goals to two points.
Tries worth three points. |- | 1897 || The Challenge Cup is established and proves a success from the start.
Batley became the first winners, beating Saint Helens 10–3. |- | 1898 || Professionalism is introduced in the Northern Union.
The professionalism is strictly part-time, with players obliged to have other "proper" jobs. |- | 1900 || Rugby union features at the 1900 Olympics.
During the late 1800s (and even the early 1900s), the two forms of the game were very similar (to the point where the United States was able to win the gold medal for rugby union at the 1924 Summer Olympics), but numerous rule changes have differentiated the gridiron-based game from its rugby counterpart, introduced by Walter Camp in the United States and John Thrift Meldrum Burnside in Canada.
It finishes in the 1924 Olympics. |- | 1901 || The experiment in the Northern Union with the punt-out ends after only four years.
This was despite the fact that the Rugby Football Union (RFU) was allowing other players to be paid, such as the 1888 British Isles team that toured Australasia, and the account of Harry Hamill of his payments to represent New South Wales (NSW) against England in 1904. |- | 1893 || Yorkshire clubs propose allowing players to be paid six shillings 'broken-time' payments when they miss work due to matches.
In future, play will be restarted with a scrum after the ball goes out of play |- | 1904 || First rugby league international match.
England lose to Other Nationalities 3–9, at Wigan. |- | 1905 || Wales narrowly beat The Original All Blacks, in what was dubbed as "The Game of the Century". |- | 1906 || England play South Africa (known as the Springboks) in rugby union for the first time.
England lose to Other Nationalities 3–9, at Wigan. |- | 1905 || Wales narrowly beat The Original All Blacks, in what was dubbed as "The Game of the Century". |- | 1906 || England play South Africa (known as the Springboks) in rugby union for the first time.
James Peters is withdrawn from the England squad after the South Africans objected to playing against a black player. |- | 1906 || James Peters becomes the first black person to play rugby union for England, against Scotland. |- | 1906 || In the Northern Union the number of players is reduced from fifteen to thirteen a side, in order to allow more room for creative play.
The early form of play-the-ball is introduced as the game's way of restarting play after a tackle. |- | 1907 || A New Zealand professional rugby team tours Britain.
They win the game's first test series 2–1, but Baskerville dies of pneumonia on the way home at the age of 25. |- | 1907 || Rugby league spreads to Australia and New Zealand.
Lance Todd, killed in a car accident in 1942, was a 1907 New Zealand tourist who managed Salford from 1928 to 1940. |- | 1946 || The most famous rugby league tour of all, as the Lions sail to Australia on HMS Indomitable, stoking the boilers to keep fit.
Australia win. |- | 1971 || New Zealand wins a rugby league series in Britain for the first time since the original 1907–08 tour. |- | 1971 || Lions rugby union tour of Australia and New Zealand.
Rugby league goes on to displace rugby union as the primary football code in New South Wales and Queensland. |- | 1908 || The first Australian Kangaroo tourists visit Britain.
Hunslet were led by Albert Goldthorpe, a dominant figure in the early years of the code. |- | 1910 || The Rugby Union Home Nations Championship becomes the Five Nations Championship when France joins. |- | 1910 || The first Northern Union British Lions tour Australia and New Zealand, winning the test matches in Sydney, Brisbane and Auckland. |- | 1912 || South African rugby union tour of the British Isles and France.
Hunslet were led by Albert Goldthorpe, a dominant figure in the early years of the code. |- | 1910 || The Rugby Union Home Nations Championship becomes the Five Nations Championship when France joins. |- | 1910 || The first Northern Union British Lions tour Australia and New Zealand, winning the test matches in Sydney, Brisbane and Auckland. |- | 1912 || South African rugby union tour of the British Isles and France.
The tourists achieved a "Grand Slam" of victories over all five major European teams, England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and France. |- | 1914 || British tourists defeat Australia 14–6 to win Ashes in final test, finishing with only ten men in what becomes known as 'Rorke's Drift' Test match.
Rugby split into two sports in 1895, when twenty-one clubs split from the Rugby Football Union to form the Northern Rugby Football Union (later renamed the Rugby Football League in 1922) in the George Hotel, Huddersfield, over broken-time payments to players who took time off from work to play the sport, thus making rugby league the first code to turn professional and pay players.
It finishes in the 1924 Olympics. |- | 1901 || The experiment in the Northern Union with the punt-out ends after only four years.
During the late 1800s (and even the early 1900s), the two forms of the game were very similar (to the point where the United States was able to win the gold medal for rugby union at the 1924 Summer Olympics), but numerous rule changes have differentiated the gridiron-based game from its rugby counterpart, introduced by Walter Camp in the United States and John Thrift Meldrum Burnside in Canada.
Lance Todd, killed in a car accident in 1942, was a 1907 New Zealand tourist who managed Salford from 1928 to 1940. |- | 1946 || The most famous rugby league tour of all, as the Lions sail to Australia on HMS Indomitable, stoking the boilers to keep fit.
The New Zealanders remained undefeated throughout the tour, earning the title "The Invincibles". |- | 1929 || First rugby league Challenge Cup Final is played at Wembley.
Wigan defeat Dewsbury 13–2 in front of 41,500. |- | 1930 || Rugby union's European Cup starts, outside the Five Nations.
It is interrupted by WWII. |- | 1930 || Unprecedented fourth rugby league test match played between Britain and Australia at Rochdale after third test is drawn 0–0.
Britain win the test 3–0 to take the Ashes. |- | 1932 || First rugby league match under floodlights. |- | 1933 || On New Year's Eve, England and Australia play in Paris – the first game of rugby league in France.
Britain win the test 3–0 to take the Ashes. |- | 1932 || First rugby league match under floodlights. |- | 1933 || On New Year's Eve, England and Australia play in Paris – the first game of rugby league in France.
The French had been excluded from the rugby union Five Nations competition amid allegations of professionalism, so the country was receptive to the new game. |- | 1934 || Rugby league is established in France by Jean Galia, a former rugby union international and champion boxer.
By 1939, the French league has 225 clubs. |- | 1941 || The French Vichy government bans rugby league, because of its links with the Allies and a desire to ban all professional sports.
Lance Todd, killed in a car accident in 1942, was a 1907 New Zealand tourist who managed Salford from 1928 to 1940. |- | 1946 || The most famous rugby league tour of all, as the Lions sail to Australia on HMS Indomitable, stoking the boilers to keep fit.
By 1939, the French league has 225 clubs. |- | 1941 || The French Vichy government bans rugby league, because of its links with the Allies and a desire to ban all professional sports.
Lance Todd, killed in a car accident in 1942, was a 1907 New Zealand tourist who managed Salford from 1928 to 1940. |- | 1946 || The most famous rugby league tour of all, as the Lions sail to Australia on HMS Indomitable, stoking the boilers to keep fit.
To this day, the rugby league clubs' assets have never been returned to them. |- | 1943 || A Northern Command army rugby league side defeats a Northern Command rugby union side 18–11 at Headingley playing rugby union rules.
union matches played until 1996. |- | 1944 || With the fall of the Vichy Government, the French ban on rugby league is lifted. |- | 1945 || Brian Bevan makes his rugby league debut for Warrington.
union matches played until 1996. |- | 1944 || With the fall of the Vichy Government, the French ban on rugby league is lifted. |- | 1945 || Brian Bevan makes his rugby league debut for Warrington.
His career total was 796, more than 200 ahead of his nearest rival. |- | 1946 || The Lance Todd Trophy first presented to Challenge Cup final Man of the match.
Lance Todd, killed in a car accident in 1942, was a 1907 New Zealand tourist who managed Salford from 1928 to 1940. |- | 1946 || The most famous rugby league tour of all, as the Lions sail to Australia on HMS Indomitable, stoking the boilers to keep fit.
After a five-day train journey across Australia, Gus Risman's team retain the Ashes, drawing one and winning two Tests. |- | 1949 || The French Rugby League is banned from using 'rugby' in its name.
Nevertheless, rugby league is perceived as the game of the working-class people in northern England and in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland. In the United Kingdom, rugby union fans sometimes used the term "rugger" as an alternative name for the sport, (see Oxford '-er'), although this archaic expression has not had currency since the 1950s or earlier.
Changes its name to Jeu à Treize (Game of Thirteen). |- | 1951 || The South American Rugby Championship commences. |- | 1951 || The South African Rugby Union tour the British Isles and France.
South Africa achieved a second five-nation Grand Slam. |- | 1951 ||Just a decade after being wound up, France win their first rugby league series in Australia.
They repeat the feat by winning again in 1955. |- | 1951 || Rugby league's Cec Thompson becomes the first black player to represent Great Britain in any sport. |- | 1952 || Rugby union's European Cup restarts. |- | 1954 || 102,569 spectators watch the 1953–54 rugby league Challenge Cup final at Bradford, setting a new record for attendance at a rugby football match of either code. |- | 1954 || First Rugby League World Cup, the first for either code of rugby, staged in France.
They repeat the feat by winning again in 1955. |- | 1951 || Rugby league's Cec Thompson becomes the first black player to represent Great Britain in any sport. |- | 1952 || Rugby union's European Cup restarts. |- | 1954 || 102,569 spectators watch the 1953–54 rugby league Challenge Cup final at Bradford, setting a new record for attendance at a rugby football match of either code. |- | 1954 || First Rugby League World Cup, the first for either code of rugby, staged in France.
They repeat the feat by winning again in 1955. |- | 1951 || Rugby league's Cec Thompson becomes the first black player to represent Great Britain in any sport. |- | 1952 || Rugby union's European Cup restarts. |- | 1954 || 102,569 spectators watch the 1953–54 rugby league Challenge Cup final at Bradford, setting a new record for attendance at a rugby football match of either code. |- | 1954 || First Rugby League World Cup, the first for either code of rugby, staged in France.
They repeat the feat by winning again in 1955. |- | 1951 || Rugby league's Cec Thompson becomes the first black player to represent Great Britain in any sport. |- | 1952 || Rugby union's European Cup restarts. |- | 1954 || 102,569 spectators watch the 1953–54 rugby league Challenge Cup final at Bradford, setting a new record for attendance at a rugby football match of either code. |- | 1954 || First Rugby League World Cup, the first for either code of rugby, staged in France.
South Africa won the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which was played in Japan. The Rugby League World Cup was the first World Cup of either of the Rugby codes and was first held in France in 1954, and as of 2013 occurs on a 4-year cycle.
They repeat the feat by winning again in 1955. |- | 1951 || Rugby league's Cec Thompson becomes the first black player to represent Great Britain in any sport. |- | 1952 || Rugby union's European Cup restarts. |- | 1954 || 102,569 spectators watch the 1953–54 rugby league Challenge Cup final at Bradford, setting a new record for attendance at a rugby football match of either code. |- | 1954 || First Rugby League World Cup, the first for either code of rugby, staged in France.
Great Britain beat France 16–12 in final at Parc des Princes, Paris. |- | 1956 || Springboks' rugby union tour of New Zealand.
South Africa suffer their first ever test series loss against New Zealand. |- | 1957 || Australia wins the Rugby League World Cup. |- | 1958 || Rugby league's Cec Thompson becomes the first black manager of any sport in Britain. |- | 1958 || Great Britain defeat Australia 25–18 in the second rugby league test match with only eight fit players on the pitch.
South Africa suffer their first ever test series loss against New Zealand. |- | 1957 || Australia wins the Rugby League World Cup. |- | 1958 || Rugby league's Cec Thompson becomes the first black manager of any sport in Britain. |- | 1958 || Great Britain defeat Australia 25–18 in the second rugby league test match with only eight fit players on the pitch.
Alan Prescott plays for 77 minutes with a broken arm. |- | 1960 || Great Britain wins the Rugby League World Cup.
The tournament is decided on a league system. |- | 1964 || Substitutes allowed in rugby league for the first time, but only for players injured before half-time. |- | 1966 || The Rugby League International Board introduces a rule that a team in possession is allowed three play-the-balls and on the fourth tackle a scrum is to be formed.
The tournament is decided on a league system. |- | 1964 || Substitutes allowed in rugby league for the first time, but only for players injured before half-time. |- | 1966 || The Rugby League International Board introduces a rule that a team in possession is allowed three play-the-balls and on the fourth tackle a scrum is to be formed.
In fact, the governing body of Canadian football, Football Canada, was known as the Canadian Rugby Union as late as 1967, more than fifty years after the sport parted ways with the established rules of rugby union or league. Rugby football was thought to have been started about 1845 at Rugby School in Rugby, Warwickshire, England although forms of football in which the ball was carried and tossed date to medieval times.
The Southern hemisphere adopts the rule the following year, but it becomes six-tackle rugby in 1972, and in 1983 the scrum was replaced by a handover. |- | 1967 || Professional rugby league adopts Sunday as its main match day, in a bid to reverse declining attendances. |- | 1968 || Substitutes allowed in rugby union for the first time, but only for injured players. |- | 1969 || Springbok rugby union tour to Britain and Ireland.
The Southern hemisphere adopts the rule the following year, but it becomes six-tackle rugby in 1972, and in 1983 the scrum was replaced by a handover. |- | 1967 || Professional rugby league adopts Sunday as its main match day, in a bid to reverse declining attendances. |- | 1968 || Substitutes allowed in rugby union for the first time, but only for injured players. |- | 1969 || Springbok rugby union tour to Britain and Ireland.
The Southern hemisphere adopts the rule the following year, but it becomes six-tackle rugby in 1972, and in 1983 the scrum was replaced by a handover. |- | 1967 || Professional rugby league adopts Sunday as its main match day, in a bid to reverse declining attendances. |- | 1968 || Substitutes allowed in rugby union for the first time, but only for injured players. |- | 1969 || Springbok rugby union tour to Britain and Ireland.
The tour is marked by protests against apartheid; South Africa would not tour the Home Nations again until after the end of apartheid. |- | 1969 || Rugby league finally gains recognition as a sport in British universities and colleges. |- | 1970 || Great Britain wins rugby league's Ashes in Australia, after winning the final two test matches. |- | 1970 || Rugby league's World Cup attracts poor crowds in England.
The tour is marked by protests against apartheid; South Africa would not tour the Home Nations again until after the end of apartheid. |- | 1969 || Rugby league finally gains recognition as a sport in British universities and colleges. |- | 1970 || Great Britain wins rugby league's Ashes in Australia, after winning the final two test matches. |- | 1970 || Rugby league's World Cup attracts poor crowds in England.
Australia win. |- | 1971 || New Zealand wins a rugby league series in Britain for the first time since the original 1907–08 tour. |- | 1971 || Lions rugby union tour of Australia and New Zealand.
The Southern hemisphere adopts the rule the following year, but it becomes six-tackle rugby in 1972, and in 1983 the scrum was replaced by a handover. |- | 1967 || Professional rugby league adopts Sunday as its main match day, in a bid to reverse declining attendances. |- | 1968 || Substitutes allowed in rugby union for the first time, but only for injured players. |- | 1969 || Springbok rugby union tour to Britain and Ireland.
Formal re-unification takes 30 years. |- | 1974 || Rugby union's Lions tour of South Africa.
The notorious '99' call. |- | 1975 || Wales and England field separate teams in the Rugby League World Cup, played over several months in both hemispheres.
Australia takes the trophy by finishing one point ahead of England in the final league table. |- | 1976 || New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa.
For example, many pupils at public schools and grammar schools play rugby union, although the game (which had a long history of being played at state schools until the 1980s) is becoming increasingly popular in comprehensive schools.
The Southern hemisphere adopts the rule the following year, but it becomes six-tackle rugby in 1972, and in 1983 the scrum was replaced by a handover. |- | 1967 || Professional rugby league adopts Sunday as its main match day, in a bid to reverse declining attendances. |- | 1968 || Substitutes allowed in rugby union for the first time, but only for injured players. |- | 1969 || Springbok rugby union tour to Britain and Ireland.
Smaller sized balls may also be used in games between younger players. Much larger versions of traditional balls are also available for purchase, but these are mainly for their novelty attraction. == World Cups == The Rugby World Cup, which was first held in New Zealand and Australia in 1987, occurs every four years.
The modern version of the Team of All the Talents, featuring players like Ellery Hanley, Andy Gregory, Jason Robinson and Shaun Edwards dominate for a decade, winning three World Cup titles in the process. |- | 1989 || Widnes beat Canberra 30–18 in first official World Club Challenge. |- | 1990 || Russia takes up rugby league.
The modern version of the Team of All the Talents, featuring players like Ellery Hanley, Andy Gregory, Jason Robinson and Shaun Edwards dominate for a decade, winning three World Cup titles in the process. |- | 1989 || Widnes beat Canberra 30–18 in first official World Club Challenge. |- | 1990 || Russia takes up rugby league.
Russia goes on to appear in the 2000 World Cup and to enter club sides in the Challenge Cup. |- | 1990 || Blood-bin introduced into rugby league. |- | 1990 || The ban on French Rugby League using 'rugby' in its name is lifted.
Rugby union turned professional one hundred years later in 1995, following the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa.
Rugby league would be on the same footing as other sports in the Services. |- | 1995 || The International Rugby Board declares Rugby Union an 'open' professional game.
It removes all restrictions on payments or benefits to those connected with the game. |- | 1995 || South Africa defeats New Zealand 15–12 (after extra time) at Ellis Park, Johannesburg in the third Rugby Union World Cup, held in South Africa. |- | 1995 || Rugby League centenary is celebrated by reviving the World Cup in Britain.
Fiji, Tonga, South Africa and Western Samoa join the established nations in a successful tournament, whilst Ireland, Scotland, the US, Russia, the Cook Islands, Moldova and Morocco all compete in an Emerging Nations Tournament. |- | 1995 || The Heineken Cup is formed as a competition for 12 Rugby Union European clubs. |- | 1995 || As part of the struggle for television rights in Australia, the RFL in Britain is offered £87 million by News Corporation to set up rugby league's Super League.
union matches played until 1996. |- | 1944 || With the fall of the Vichy Government, the French ban on rugby league is lifted. |- | 1945 || Brian Bevan makes his rugby league debut for Warrington.
The game agrees to switch to a summer season, with Paris St Germain joining leading British clubs in a 14 team competition. |- | 1996 || The RFL introduces video referees into rugby league's Super League. |- | 1996 || Rugby union's Tri Nations Series begins between Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. |- | 1996 || Bath Rugby and Wigan, England's top union and league sides respectively, made history by playing against each other at both codes of rugby.
Russia goes on to appear in the 2000 World Cup and to enter club sides in the Challenge Cup. |- | 1990 || Blood-bin introduced into rugby league. |- | 1990 || The ban on French Rugby League using 'rugby' in its name is lifted.
A recent example is a deliberate infringement by Ryan Tandy in order for the first points scored to be a penalty goal in a 2010 NRL match; the attempt backfired when instead of taking a shot at goal, a try was scored. ==See also== College rugby == References == == External links == Rugby's Most Unfortunate Faces—slideshow by Life magazine Video on the Basics of Rugby Union Full Guide of Rugby World Cup 2019 in Japan Team sports Games and sports introduced in the 19th century Rugby School
There was a possibility sevens would be a demonstration sport at the 2012 London Olympics but many sports including sevens were dropped. In Canada and the United States, rugby developed into gridiron football.
South Africa won the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which was played in Japan. The Rugby League World Cup was the first World Cup of either of the Rugby codes and was first held in France in 1954, and as of 2013 occurs on a 4-year cycle.
In doing so, New Zealand becomes the first team to win consecutive titles. |- | 2016 || Inaugural season of PRO Rugby in the United States.
The Olympic Games have admitted the seven-a-side version of the game, known as Rugby sevens, into the programme from Rio de Janeiro in 2016 onwards.
Australia won the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, played in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. == Rugby shirt == Rugby shirts were formerly entirely made of cotton but are now made of a cotton and polyester mix.
South Africa won the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which was played in Japan. The Rugby League World Cup was the first World Cup of either of the Rugby codes and was first held in France in 1954, and as of 2013 occurs on a 4-year cycle.
A recent example is a deliberate infringement by Ryan Tandy in order for the first points scored to be a penalty goal in a 2010 NRL match; the attempt backfired when instead of taking a shot at goal, a try was scored. ==See also== College rugby == References == == External links == Rugby's Most Unfortunate Faces—slideshow by Life magazine Video on the Basics of Rugby Union Full Guide of Rugby World Cup 2019 in Japan Team sports Games and sports introduced in the 19th century Rugby School
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