Fort La Jonquière and Fort de la Corne were first established in 1751 and 1753 by early French explorers and traders.
Fort La Jonquière and Fort de la Corne were first established in 1751 and 1753 by early French explorers and traders.
The southern part of the province was part of Spanish Louisiana from 1762 until 1802. ===19th century=== In 1803 the Louisiana Purchase transferred from France to the United States part of what is now Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Europeans first explored the area in 1690 and first settled in the area in 1774.
The first permanent European settlement was a Hudson's Bay Company post at Cumberland House, founded in 1774 by Samuel Hearne.
The southern part of the province was part of Spanish Louisiana from 1762 until 1802. ===19th century=== In 1803 the Louisiana Purchase transferred from France to the United States part of what is now Alberta and Saskatchewan.
The southern part of the province was part of Spanish Louisiana from 1762 until 1802. ===19th century=== In 1803 the Louisiana Purchase transferred from France to the United States part of what is now Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Survivors and descendants founded Wood Mountain Reserve in 1914. The North-West Mounted Police set up several posts and forts across Saskatchewan, including Fort Walsh in the Cypress Hills, and Wood Mountain Post in south-central Saskatchewan near the United States border. Many Métis people, who had not been signatories to a treaty, had moved to the Southbranch Settlement and Prince Albert district north of present-day Saskatoon following the Red River Rebellion in Manitoba in 1870.
The Dominion Lands Act of 1872 permitted settlers to acquire one quarter of a square mile of land to homestead and offered an additional quarter upon establishing a homestead.
In 1874, the North-West Mounted Police began providing police services.
Since the late twentieth century, land losses and inequities as a result of those treaties have been subject to negotiation for settlement between the First Nations in Saskatchewan and the federal government, in collaboration with provincial governments. In 1876, following their defeat of United States Army forces at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in Montana Territory in the United States, the Lakota Chief Sitting Bull led several thousand of his people to Wood Mountain.
In 1876, the North-West Territories Act provided for appointment, by the Ottawa, of a Lieutenant Governor and a Council to assist him. Highly optimistic advertising campaigns promoted the benefits of prairie living.
In the early 1880s, the Canadian government refused to hear the Métis' grievances, which stemmed from land-use issues.
The long-term prosperity of the province depended on the world price of grain, which headed steadily upward from the 1880s to 1920, then plunged down.
The major highways in Saskatchewan are the Trans Canada expressway, Yellowhead Highway northern Trans Canada route, Louis Riel Trail, CanAm Highway, Red Coat Trail, Northern Woods and Water route, and Saskota travel route. The first Canadian transcontinental railway was constructed by the Canadian Pacific Railway between 1881 and 1885.
Henday's spelling was Keiskatchewan, with the modern rendering, Saskatchewan, being officially adopted in 1882 when a portion of the present-day province was designated a provisional district of the North-West Territories. ==Geography== Saskatchewan is the only province without a natural border.
Finally, in 1885, the Métis, led by Louis Riel, staged the North-West Rebellion and declared a provisional government.
Riel, who surrendered and was convicted of treason in a packed Regina courtroom, was hanged on November 16, 1885.
The major highways in Saskatchewan are the Trans Canada expressway, Yellowhead Highway northern Trans Canada route, Louis Riel Trail, CanAm Highway, Red Coat Trail, Northern Woods and Water route, and Saskota travel route. The first Canadian transcontinental railway was constructed by the Canadian Pacific Railway between 1881 and 1885.
The first 76 North-West Territories school districts and the first Board of Education meeting formed in 1886.
Settling the Canadian-American West, 1890–1915.
The national output of wheat soared from in 1896, to in 1901, reaching by 1921. Urban reform movements in Regina were based on support from business and professional groups.
In 1901, there were 19,200 families, but this surged to 150,300 families only 15 years later.
Population quintupled from 91,000 in 1901 to 492,000 to 1911, thanks to heavy immigration of farmers from Ukraine, U.S., Germany and Scandinavia.
The national output of wheat soared from in 1896, to in 1901, reaching by 1921. Urban reform movements in Regina were based on support from business and professional groups.
It became a province in 1905, carved out from the vast North-West Territories, which had until then included most of the Canadian Prairies.
While prevailing patriarchal attitudes, legislation, and economic principles obscured women's contributions, the flexibility exhibited by farm women in performing productive and nonproductive labour was critical to the survival of family farms, and thus to the success of the wheat economy. On September 1, 1905, Saskatchewan became a province, with inauguration day held September 4.
Efforts were made to assimilate the newcomers to British Canadian culture and values. In the 1905 provincial elections, Liberals won 16 of 25 seats in Saskatchewan.
University of California Press, 1950. Martin, Robin Shades of Right: Nativist and Fascist Politics in Canada, 1920–1940, University of Toronto Press, 1992. ==External links== Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan SaskTourism Saskatchewan History Online 1905 establishments in Canada Provinces of Canada States and territories established in 1905 Canadian Prairies
The Saskatchewan government bought out Bell Telephone Company in 1909, with the government owning the long-distance lines and left local service to small companies organized at the municipal level.
Saskatchewan in 1909 provided bond guarantees to railway companies for the construction of branch lines, alleviating the concerns of farmers who had trouble getting their wheat to market by wagon.
Population quintupled from 91,000 in 1901 to 492,000 to 1911, thanks to heavy immigration of farmers from Ukraine, U.S., Germany and Scandinavia.
Premier Walter Scott preferred government assistance to outright ownership because he thought enterprises worked better if citizens had a stake in running them; he set up the Saskatchewan Cooperative Elevator Company in 1911.
The Regina Cyclone took place in June 1912 when 28 people died in an F4 Fujita scale tornado.
However eastern money poured in and by 1913, long term mortgage loans to Saskatchewan farmers had reached $65 million. The dominant groups comprised British settlers from eastern Canada and Britain, who comprised about half of the population during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Survivors and descendants founded Wood Mountain Reserve in 1914. The North-West Mounted Police set up several posts and forts across Saskatchewan, including Fort Walsh in the Cypress Hills, and Wood Mountain Post in south-central Saskatchewan near the United States border. Many Métis people, who had not been signatories to a treaty, had moved to the Southbranch Settlement and Prince Albert district north of present-day Saskatoon following the Red River Rebellion in Manitoba in 1870.
Church-related and other altruistic organizations generally supported social welfare and housing reforms; these groups were generally less successful in getting their own reforms enacted. The province responded to the First World War in 1914 with patriotic enthusiasm and enjoyed the resultant economic boom for farms and cities alike.
Saskatchewan gave women the right to vote in 1916 and at the end of 1916 passed a referendum to prohibit the sale of alcohol. In the late 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan, imported from the United States and Ontario, gained brief popularity in nativist circles in Saskatchewan and Alberta.
The Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association, was the dominant political force in the province until the 1920s; it had close ties with the governing Liberal party.
The long-term prosperity of the province depended on the world price of grain, which headed steadily upward from the 1880s to 1920, then plunged down.
Saskatchewan gave women the right to vote in 1916 and at the end of 1916 passed a referendum to prohibit the sale of alcohol. In the late 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan, imported from the United States and Ontario, gained brief popularity in nativist circles in Saskatchewan and Alberta.
The 1920s saw the largest rise in rail line track as the CPR and CNR fell into competition to provide rail service within ten kilometres.
University of California Press, 1950. Martin, Robin Shades of Right: Nativist and Fascist Politics in Canada, 1920–1940, University of Toronto Press, 1992. ==External links== Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan SaskTourism Saskatchewan History Online 1905 establishments in Canada Provinces of Canada States and territories established in 1905 Canadian Prairies
The national output of wheat soared from in 1896, to in 1901, reaching by 1921. Urban reform movements in Regina were based on support from business and professional groups.
SaskPower since 1929 has been the principal supplier of electricity in Saskatchewan, serving more than 451,000 customers and managing $4.5 billion in assets.
Groome Airfield is the official designation for the Regina International Airport (YQR) as of August 3, 2005; the airport was established in 1930.
border) are tied for the highest ever recorded temperatures in Canada, with observed at both locations on July 5, 1937.
The number of one-room schoolhouse districts across Saskatchewan totalled approximately 5,000 at the height of this system of education in the late 1940s. Following World War II, the transition from many one-room schoolhouses to fewer and larger consolidated modern technological town and city schools occurred as a means of ensuring technical education.
In the early 20th century the province became known as a stronghold for Canadian social democracy; North America's first social-democratic government was elected in 1944.
In 1944 Tommy Douglas became premier of the first avowedly socialist regional government in North America.
As a broadcaster, he is known for his radio series Jake and the Kid, which aired on CBC Radio between 1950 and 1956 and was also about life on the Prairies. ==Sports== The Saskatchewan Roughriders Canadian football team is the province's professional football franchise (playing in the Canadian Football League), and are extremely popular across Saskatchewan.
University of California Press, 1950. Martin, Robin Shades of Right: Nativist and Fascist Politics in Canada, 1920–1940, University of Toronto Press, 1992. ==External links== Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan SaskTourism Saskatchewan History Online 1905 establishments in Canada Provinces of Canada States and territories established in 1905 Canadian Prairies
As a broadcaster, he is known for his radio series Jake and the Kid, which aired on CBC Radio between 1950 and 1956 and was also about life on the Prairies. ==Sports== The Saskatchewan Roughriders Canadian football team is the province's professional football franchise (playing in the Canadian Football League), and are extremely popular across Saskatchewan.
In the 1960s there were applications for abandonment of branch lines.
In 1961, Douglas left provincial politics to become the first leader of the federal New Democratic Party.
Saskatchewan's official tartan was registered with the Court of Lord Lyon King of Arms in Scotland in 1961.
In a 2019 TSN poll, experts ranked Schmirler's Saskatchewan team, which won a gold medal at the 1998 Olympics, as the greatest women's team in Canada's history. ==Symbols== The flag of Saskatchewan was officially adopted on September 22, 1969.
It declined and disappeared, subject to widespread political and media opposition, plus internal scandals involving the use of the organization's funds. ====Post–Second World War==== In 1970, the first annual Canadian Western Agribition was held in Regina.
Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books, 1979.
This farm-industry trade show, with its strong emphasis on livestock, is rated as one of the five top livestock shows in North America, along with those in Houston, Denver, Louisville and Toronto. The province celebrated the 75th anniversary of its establishment in 1980, with Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, presiding over the official ceremonies.
Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books, 1980.
While studies, as early as 1988 (Williams, et al., 1988) have shown climate change will affect agriculture, whether the effects can be mitigated through adaptations of cultivars, or crops, is less clear.
Regina: University of Regina, Campion Coll., 1988.
Bombardier was awarded a long-term contract in the late 1990s for $2.8 billion from the federal government for the purchase of military aircraft and the running of the training facility.
The current premier is Scott Moe. In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed a historic land claim agreement with First Nations in Saskatchewan.
The federal and provincial governments have negotiated on numerous land claims, and developed a program of "Treaty Land Entitlement", enabling First Nations to buy land to be taken into reserves with money from settlements of claims. "In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed a historic land claim agreement with Saskatchewan First Nations.
University of California Press, 1950. Martin, Robin Shades of Right: Nativist and Fascist Politics in Canada, 1920–1940, University of Toronto Press, 1992. ==External links== Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan SaskTourism Saskatchewan History Online 1905 establishments in Canada Provinces of Canada States and territories established in 1905 Canadian Prairies
Diefenbaker Airport in the official ceremony, June 23, 1993.
University of Nebraska Press, 1995.
In a 2019 TSN poll, experts ranked Schmirler's Saskatchewan team, which won a gold medal at the 1998 Olympics, as the greatest women's team in Canada's history. ==Symbols== The flag of Saskatchewan was officially adopted on September 22, 1969.
Cities are formed under the provincial authority of The Cities Act, which was enacted in 2002.
In 2005, 25 years later, her sister, Queen Elizabeth II, attended the events held to mark Saskatchewan's centennial. Since the late 20th century, First Nations have become more politically active in seeking justice for past inequities, especially related to the taking of indigenous lands by various governments.
Towns, villages, resort villages and rural municipalities are formed under the authority of The Municipalities Act, enacted in 2005.
Groome Airfield is the official designation for the Regina International Airport (YQR) as of August 3, 2005; the airport was established in 1930.
The winning design was by Anthony Drake, then living in Hodgeville. In 2005, Saskatchewan Environment held a province-wide vote to recognize Saskatchewan's centennial year, receiving more than 10,000 online and mail-in votes from the public.
The provincial flower of Saskatchewan is the western red lily. === Centennial celebrations === In 2005, Saskatchewan celebrated its centennial.
The provincial government has responded to the threat of climate change by introducing a plan to reduce carbon emissions, "The Saskatchewan Energy and Climate Change Plan", in June 2007. ==History== Saskatchewan has been populated by various indigenous peoples of North America, including members of the Sarcee, Niitsitapi, Atsina, Cree, Saulteaux, Assiniboine (Nakoda), Lakota and Sioux.
Other purposes are to: "provide good government"; "develop and maintain a safe and viable community"; "foster economic, social and environmental well-being" and "provide wise stewardship of public assets." ==Transportation== Transportation in Saskatchewan includes an infrastructure system of roads, highways, freeways, airports, ferries, pipelines, trails, waterways and railway systems serving a population of approximately 1,003,299 (according to 2007 estimates) inhabitants year-round.
The three sub-types of northern municipalities are formed under the authority of The Northern Municipalities Act, enacted in 2010.
In 2012, 33 tornadoes were reported in the province.
Ministry of Health data shows midwives saw 1,233 clients in the 2012–13 fiscal year (which runs April to March).
The provincial Health Ministry received 47 letters about midwifery services in 2012, most of which asked for more midwives.
Saskatchewan does not have an NHL or minor professional franchise, but five teams in the junior Western Hockey League are located in the province: the Moose Jaw Warriors, Prince Albert Raiders, Regina Pats, Saskatoon Blades and Swift Current Broncos. In 2015, Budweiser honoured Saskatchewan for their abundance of hockey players by sculpting a 12-foot-tall hockey player monument in ice for Saskatchewan's capital city of Regina.
Total net income from farming was $3.3 billion in 2017, which was $0.9 billion less than the income in 2016.
As provincial laws, these three acts were passed by the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan with royal assent granted by the Lieutenant Governor. In 2016, Saskatchewan's 774 municipalities covered of the province's land mass and were home to of its population. These 774 municipalities are local government "creatures of provincial jurisdiction" with natural persons power.
In their first year of competition, 2016, the Rush won both their Division Title and the League Championship. Hockey is the most popular sport in the province.
In 2017, the production of canola surpassed the production of wheat, which is Saskatchewan's most familiar crop and the one most often associated with the province.
Total net income from farming was $3.3 billion in 2017, which was $0.9 billion less than the income in 2016.
Natural gas is found almost entirely in the western part of Saskatchewan, from the Primrose Lake area through Lloydminster, Unity, Kindersley, Leader, and around Maple Creek areas. A list of the companies includes The Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan (defunct in December 2017), Federated Cooperatives Ltd.
Increasing diversification has resulted in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and [only making up 8.9% of the province's GDP in 2018.
The current Premier of Saskatchewan is Scott Moe, who took over the leadership of the Saskatchewan Party in 2018 following the resignation of Brad Wall.
The province's economy is based on agriculture, mining, and energy. The former Lieutenant Governor, Thomas Molloy, died in office on July 2, 2019.
On July 17, 2019, the federal government announced the appointment of Russell Mirasty, former Assistant Commissioner with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, as the new Lieutenant Governor.
In a 2019 TSN poll, experts ranked Schmirler's Saskatchewan team, which won a gold medal at the 1998 Olympics, as the greatest women's team in Canada's history. ==Symbols== The flag of Saskatchewan was officially adopted on September 22, 1969.
As of Q1 2020, Saskatchewan's population was estimated at 1,181,987.
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