In Trying Biology Robert Shapiro examines many of the eminent biology textbooks in the 1910–1920s, and finds that while they may have avoided the word evolution to placate anti-evolutionists, the overall focus on the subject was not greatly diminished, and the books were still implicitly evolution based.
This struggle occurred later in the Southwest than elsewhere, finally collapsing in the Sputnik era after 1957, when the national mood inspired increased trust for science in general and for evolution in particular. The opponents of evolution made a transition from the anti-evolution crusade of the 1920s to the creation science movement of the 1960s.
"'Scopes Wasn't the First': Nebraska's 1924 Anti-Evolution Trial".
John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a high school teacher, John T.
He succeeded when the Butler Act was passed in Tennessee, on March 25, 1925.
Scopes, who had substituted for the regular biology teacher, was charged on May 5, 1925, with teaching evolution from a chapter in George William Hunter's textbook, Civic Biology: Presented in Problems (1914), which described the theory of evolution, race, and eugenics.
On April 5, 1925, George Rappleyea, local manager for the Cumberland Coal and Iron Company, arranged a meeting with county superintendent of schools Walter White and local attorney Sue K.
Even today, some American creationists, fighting in courts and state legislatures to demand that creationism be taught on an equal footing with evolution in the schools, have claimed that it was Mencken's trial reports in 1925 that turned public opinion against creationism.
From The Salem Republican, June 11, 1925: The whole matter has assumed the portion of Dayton and her merchants endeavoring to secure a large amount of notoriety and publicity with an open question as whether Scopes is a party to the plot or not. == Courthouse == In a $1 million restoration of the Rhea County Courthouse in Dayton, completed in 1979, the second-floor courtroom was restored to its appearance during the Scopes trial.
In front of the courthouse stands a commemorative plaque erected by the Tennessee Historical Commission, reading as follows: 2B 23 THE SCOPES TRIAL Here, from July 10 to 21, 1925 JohnThomas Scopes, a County High School teacher, was tried for teaching that a man descended from a lower order of animals in violation of a lately passed state law.
Some scholars have accepted that this was the result of the Scopes Trial: for example Hunter, the author of the biology text which Scopes was on trial for teaching, revised the text by 1926 in response to the Scopes Trial Controversy.
After Scopes was convicted, creationists throughout the United States sought similar anti-evolution laws for their states. By 1927, there were 13 states, both in the North and in the South, that had deliberated over some form of anti-evolution law.
Johannes du Plessis and the Dutch Reformed Church in Cape Town, South Africa, on February 27, 1930 – 1931, regarding the biblical chapter of Genesis and evolution, was a similar event.
Johannes du Plessis and the Dutch Reformed Church in Cape Town, South Africa, on February 27, 1930 – 1931, regarding the biblical chapter of Genesis and evolution, was a similar event.
Though the ACLU had taken on the trial as a cause, in the wake of Scopes' conviction they were unable to find more volunteers to take on the Butler law and, by 1932, had given up.
The play was written as a rebuttal of the 1955 play and the 1960 film, which Dayton residents claim did not accurately depict either the trial or William Jennings Bryan.
This struggle occurred later in the Southwest than elsewhere, finally collapsing in the Sputnik era after 1957, when the national mood inspired increased trust for science in general and for evolution in particular. The opponents of evolution made a transition from the anti-evolution crusade of the 1920s to the creation science movement of the 1960s.
This struggle occurred later in the Southwest than elsewhere, finally collapsing in the Sputnik era after 1957, when the national mood inspired increased trust for science in general and for evolution in particular. The opponents of evolution made a transition from the anti-evolution crusade of the 1920s to the creation science movement of the 1960s.
(Lawrence and Lee later said that it was written in response to McCarthyism and was chiefly about intellectual freedom.) * Adaptations: ** Inherit the Wind was made into a 1960 film directed by Stanley Kramer, with Spencer Tracy as Drummond and Fredric March as Brady.
The play was written as a rebuttal of the 1955 play and the 1960 film, which Dayton residents claim did not accurately depict either the trial or William Jennings Bryan.
The anti-evolutionary legislation was not challenged again until 1965, and in the meantime, William Jennings Bryan's cause was taken up by a number of organizations, including the Bryan Bible League and the Defenders of the Christian Faith. The effects of the Scopes Trial on high school biology texts has not been unanimously agreed by scholars.
Although there are numerous changes in the plot, they include more of the actual events recorded in the trial transcript, such as when Darrow implies that the court is prejudiced, being cited for contempt of court for his comments and his subsequent statement of contrition that persuaded the judge to drop the charge. ** There have also been three television versions of the play, with Melvyn Douglas and Ed Begley in 1965, Jason Robards and Kirk Douglas in 1988, and Jack Lemmon and George C.
Nearly all these efforts were rejected, but Mississippi and Arkansas did put anti-evolution laws on the books after the Scopes trial, laws that would outlive the Butler Act (which survived until 1967). In the Southwest, anti-evolution crusaders included ministers R.
This led to a weakening of the backlash in Texas, as well as to the repeal of the Butler Law in Tennessee in 1967. == Publicity == Edward J.
Smith immediately announced that he would not seek a retrial, while Scopes' lawyers offered angry comments on the stunning decision. In 1968, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in Epperson v.
It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. == Humor == Anticipating that Scopes would be found guilty, the press fitted the defendant for martyrdom and created an onslaught of ridicule, and hosts of cartoonists added their own portrayals to the attack.
4154 (September 6, 1974), pp. 832–837 George Gaylord Simpson, "Evolution and Education", Science February 7, 1975: Vol.
London: OUP, 1974 [1958]. Haldeman-Julius, Marcet.
4154 (September 6, 1974), pp. 832–837 George Gaylord Simpson, "Evolution and Education", Science February 7, 1975: Vol.
Scopes was convicted. The Rhea County Courthouse was designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service in 1976.
From The Salem Republican, June 11, 1925: The whole matter has assumed the portion of Dayton and her merchants endeavoring to secure a large amount of notoriety and publicity with an open question as whether Scopes is a party to the plot or not. == Courthouse == In a $1 million restoration of the Rhea County Courthouse in Dayton, completed in 1979, the second-floor courtroom was restored to its appearance during the Scopes trial.
Although there are numerous changes in the plot, they include more of the actual events recorded in the trial transcript, such as when Darrow implies that the court is prejudiced, being cited for contempt of court for his comments and his subsequent statement of contrition that persuaded the judge to drop the charge. ** There have also been three television versions of the play, with Melvyn Douglas and Ed Begley in 1965, Jason Robards and Kirk Douglas in 1988, and Jack Lemmon and George C.
New York: Basic Books, 1997. Article 3. Mencken, H.L..
Scott in 1999. Peter Goodchild's play, The Great Tennessee Monkey Trial (1993), was written based on original sources and transcripts from the Scopes trial, with the goal of being historically accurate.
According to Audiofile Magazine, which pronounced this production the 2006 D.J.S.
Hoboken: Melville House, 2006. Scopes, John Thomas and William Jennings Bryan.
In 2007 Bryan College purchased the rights to the production and began work on a student film version of the play, which was screened at that year's Scopes Festival. The film Alleged (2010), a romantic drama set around the Scopes Trial, starring Brian Dennehy as Clarence Darrow and Fred Thompson as William Jennings Bryan, was released by Two Shoes Productions.
3, 2008, pp. 435–471 == Further reading == Ginger, Ray.
Winner of AudioFile Earphones Award: "Because there are no recordings of the actual trial, this production is certainly the next best thing." The BBC broadcast The Great Tennessee Monkey Trial in 2009, in a radio version starring Neil Patrick Harris and Ed Asner. Gale Johnson's play Inherit the Truth (1987) was based on the original transcripts of the case.
Inherit the Truth was performed yearly during the Dayton Scopes Festival until it ended its run in 2009.
Chicago: UCP, 2013. Shapiro, Adam R.
94 (Fall 2013), pp. 110–119. The Church Case between Prof.
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