Plantation labor was done by African slaves who formed the majority of the population by 1720.
Rice cultivation was developed on a large scale on the back of slave labor. By the second half of the 1700s, South Carolina was one of the richest of the Thirteen Colonies. ===The American Revolution=== On March 26, 1776, the colony adopted the Constitution of South Carolina, electing John Rutledge as the state's first president.
In February, 1778, South Carolina became the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation, the initial governing document of the United States, and in May 1788, South Carolina ratified the United States Constitution, becoming the eighth state to enter the union. During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), about a third of combat action took place in South Carolina, more than in any other state.
Constitution on May 23, 1788.
In February, 1778, South Carolina became the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation, the initial governing document of the United States, and in May 1788, South Carolina ratified the United States Constitution, becoming the eighth state to enter the union. During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), about a third of combat action took place in South Carolina, more than in any other state.
It is estimated 25,000 slaves (30% of those in South Carolina) fled, migrated or died during the war. ===Antebellum=== America's first census in 1790 put the state's population at nearly 250,000.
While nominally democratic, from 1790 until 1865, wealthy landowners were in control of South Carolina.
Voters thus did not participate in presidential elections, other than through state-wide elections. Columbia, the new state capital was founded in the center of the state, and the State Legislature first met there in 1790.
By the 1800 census, the population had increased 38 per cent to nearly 340,000 of which 146,000 were slaves.
The town grew after it was connected to Charleston by the Santee Canal in 1800, one of the first canals in the United States. As dissatisfaction of the planters ruling class with the federal government grew, in the 1820s John C.
The town grew after it was connected to Charleston by the Santee Canal in 1800, one of the first canals in the United States. As dissatisfaction of the planters ruling class with the federal government grew, in the 1820s John C.
In 1832, the Ordinance of Nullification declared federal tariff laws unconstitutional and not to be enforced in the state, leading to the Nullification Crisis.
In terms similar to a debate in Virginia in 1853 on a similar proposal (which was dropped), George Dionysius Tillman said in opposition: If the law is made as it now stands respectable families in Aiken, Barnwell, Colleton, and Orangeburg will be denied the right to intermarry among people with whom they are now associated and identified.
It also became the first state to vote in favor of secession from the Union on December 20, 1860.
The federal Force Bill was enacted to use whatever military force necessary to enforce federal law in the state, bringing South Carolina back into line. In the United States presidential election of 1860, voting was sharply divided, with the south voting for the Southern Democrats and the north for Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party.
Southern secessionists believed Lincoln's election meant long-term doom for their slavery-based agrarian economy and social system. Lincoln was elected president on November 6, 1860.
President a Hostile Act", and within weeks South Carolina became the first state to secede. ===Civil War 1861–1865=== On April 12, 1861, Confederate batteries began shelling the Union Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, and the American Civil War began.
While nominally democratic, from 1790 until 1865, wealthy landowners were in control of South Carolina.
More than 60,000 served, and the state lost nearly one-third of the white male population of fighting age. At the end of the war in early 1865, the troops of General William Tecumseh Sherman marched across the state devastating plantations and most of Columbia.
South Carolina would be readmitted to the Union on July 9, 1868. ===Reconstruction 1865–1877=== After the war, South Carolina was restored to the United States during Reconstruction.
After the American Civil War, it was readmitted into the United States on July 9, 1868. ==History== ===Precolonial period=== There is evidence of human activity in the area dating to about 40,000 years ago.
Further, the state maintained indirect election of electors by the state legislature until 1868, the last state to do so.
South Carolina would be readmitted to the Union on July 9, 1868. ===Reconstruction 1865–1877=== After the war, South Carolina was restored to the United States during Reconstruction.
However, South Carolina did not regain representation in Congress until that date. Until the 1868 presidential election, South Carolina's legislature, not the voters, chose the state's electors for the presidential election.
In the mid to late 1870s, white Democrats used paramilitary groups such as the Red Shirts to intimidate and terrorize black voters.
On October 19, 1871, President Ulysses S.
In 1877, the federal government withdrew its troops as part of the Compromise of 1877 that ended Reconstruction. ===Populist and agrarian movements=== The state became a hotbed of racial and economic tensions during the Populist and Agrarian movements of the 1890s.
The Charleston earthquake of 1886 was the largest quake ever to hit the eastern United States.
In 1877, the federal government withdrew its troops as part of the Compromise of 1877 that ended Reconstruction. ===Populist and agrarian movements=== The state became a hotbed of racial and economic tensions during the Populist and Agrarian movements of the 1890s.
The counties lacked representative government until home rule was passed in 1975. Governor "Pitchfork Ben Tillman", a Populist, led the effort to disenfranchise the blacks and poor whites, although he controlled Democratic state politics from the 1890s to 1910 with a base among poor white farmers.
To prevent that from happening again, Democrats gained passage of a new constitution in 1895 which effectively disenfranchised almost all blacks and many poor whites by new requirements for poll taxes, residency, and literacy tests that dramatically reduced the voter rolls.
The 1900 census demonstrated the extent of disenfranchisement: the 782,509 African American citizens comprised more than 58% of the state's population, but they were essentially without any political representation in the Jim Crow society. The 1895 constitution overturned local representative government, reducing the role of the counties to agents of state government, effectively ruled by the General Assembly, through the legislative delegations for each county.
During the constitutional convention in 1895, he supported another man's proposal that the state adopt a one-drop rule, as well as prohibit marriage between whites and anyone with any known African ancestry. Some members of the convention realized prominent white families with some African ancestry could be affected by such legislation.
By 1896, only 5,500 black voters remained on the voter registration rolls, although they constituted a majority of the state's population.
The 1900 census demonstrated the extent of disenfranchisement: the 782,509 African American citizens comprised more than 58% of the state's population, but they were essentially without any political representation in the Jim Crow society. The 1895 constitution overturned local representative government, reducing the role of the counties to agents of state government, effectively ruled by the General Assembly, through the legislative delegations for each county.
The counties lacked representative government until home rule was passed in 1975. Governor "Pitchfork Ben Tillman", a Populist, led the effort to disenfranchise the blacks and poor whites, although he controlled Democratic state politics from the 1890s to 1910 with a base among poor white farmers.
In total from 1910 to 1970, 6.5 million blacks left the South in the Great Migration.
Virginian legislators adopted a one-drop law in 1924, forgetting that their state had many people of mixed ancestry among those who identified as white. ===20th century=== Early in the 20th century, South Carolina developed a thriving textile industry.
By 1930 South Carolina had a white majority population for the first time since 1708. South Carolina was one of several states that initially rejected the Nineteenth Amendment (1920) giving women the right to vote.
The South Carolina legislature later ratified the amendment on July 1, 1969. The struggle of the civil rights movement took place in South Carolina as they did in other Southern states.
In total from 1910 to 1970, 6.5 million blacks left the South in the Great Migration.
The counties lacked representative government until home rule was passed in 1975. Governor "Pitchfork Ben Tillman", a Populist, led the effort to disenfranchise the blacks and poor whites, although he controlled Democratic state politics from the 1890s to 1910 with a base among poor white farmers.
The highest recorded temperature is in Johnston and Columbia on June 29, 2012, and the lowest recorded temperature is at Caesars Head on January 21, 1985. Snowfall in South Carolina is minimal in the lower elevation areas south and east of Columbia.
The highest recorded temperature is in Johnston and Columbia on June 29, 2012, and the lowest recorded temperature is at Caesars Head on January 21, 1985. Snowfall in South Carolina is minimal in the lower elevation areas south and east of Columbia.
This change is intended to result in healthier babies and fewer unnecessary costs for South Carolina. On November 20, 2014, South Carolina became the 35th state to legalize same-sex marriages, when a federal court ordered the change. ==Geography== ===Regions=== The state can be divided into three natural geographic areas which then can be subdivided into five distinct cultural regions.
Strom Thurmond, on the other hand, were among the nation's most radical and effective opponents of social equality and integration. ===21st century=== As of 2015, South Carolina had one of the lowest percentages among all states of women in state legislature, at 13.5% (only Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Wyoming had a lower percentage; the national average is 24.3%; with the highest percentage being in Colorado at 41%).
The Greenville–Anderson–Mauldin metropolitan area is the largest in the state, with a 2018 population estimate of 906,626. South Carolina was named in honor of King Charles I of England, who first formed the English colony, with Carolus being Latin for "Charles".
In 2019, its GDP was $213.45 billion.
The capital is Columbia with a population of 133,273 in 2019; while its largest city is Charleston with a 2019 population of 135,257.
state with a recorded population of 5,124,712 according to the 2020 census.
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