St. Louis

1730

Genevieve in the 1730s. In 1764, after France lost the Seven Years' War, Pierre Laclède and his stepson Auguste Chouteau founded what was to become the city of St.

1759

French colonists used African slaves as domestic servants and workers in the city. France, alarmed that Britain would demand French possessions west of the Mississippi and the Missouri River basin after losing New France to them in 1759–1760, transferred these to Spain as part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

1763

Maxent and Pierre Laclède (Liguest) in the fall of 1763.

1764

Louis was founded on February 14, 1764 by French fur traders Gilbert Antoine de St.

In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain.

Genevieve in the 1730s. In 1764, after France lost the Seven Years' War, Pierre Laclède and his stepson Auguste Chouteau founded what was to become the city of St.

This place, declared Laclède, “might become, hereafter, one of the finest cities in America.” He dispatched his 14-year-old stepson, Auguste Chouteau, to the site, with the support of 30 settlers in February 1764. Laclède arrived at the future town site two months later and produced a plan for St.

1765

Louis". By 1765, the city began receiving visits from representatives of the English, French, and Spanish governments.

1780

In 1780 during the American Revolutionary War, St.

1800

In 1800, it was retroceded to France, which sold it three years later to the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase; the city was then the point of embarkation for the Corps of Discovery on the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Louis was transferred to the French First Republic in 1800 (although all of the colonial lands continued to be administered by Spanish officials), then sold by the French to the U.S.

1803

These areas remained in Spanish possession until 1803.

in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase.

1804

Louis in May 1804 along the Missouri River to explore the vast territory.

1805

They reached the Pacific Ocean via the Columbia River in summer 1805.

1806

Louis on September 23, 1806.

1808

Many other explorers, settlers, and trappers (such as Ashley's Hundred) would later take a similar route to the West. ===19th-century=== The city elected its first municipal legislators (called trustees) in 1808.

1817

Louis in 1817, improving connections with New Orleans and eastern markets.

1821

Missouri was admitted as a state in 1821.

1822

Louis was incorporated as a city in 1822, and continued to develop largely due to its busy port and trade connections. Immigrants from Ireland and Germany arrived in St.

1826

Louis courthouse was built in 1826 and featured a Federal style stone facade with a rounded portico.

1831

The Basilica was built between 1831 and 1834 in the Federal style.

1834

The Basilica was built between 1831 and 1834 in the Federal style.

1840

Louis in significant numbers starting in the 1840s, and the population of St.

Louis grew from less than 20,000 inhabitants in 1840, to 77,860 in 1850, to more than 160,000 by 1860.

1850

Louis grew from less than 20,000 inhabitants in 1840, to 77,860 in 1850, to more than 160,000 by 1860.

However, this courthouse was replaced during renovation and expansion of the building in the 1850s.

1852

Finally, a customs house was constructed in the Greek Revival style in 1852, but was demolished and replaced in 1873 by the U.S.

1859

Cyril and Methodius Church (1857) in the Romanesque Revival style and Christ Church Cathedral (completed in 1867, designed in 1859) in the Gothic Revival style. A few civic buildings were constructed during the early 19th century.

1860

Louis grew from less than 20,000 inhabitants in 1840, to 77,860 in 1850, to more than 160,000 by 1860.

Other industrial buildings from the era include some portions of the Anheuser-Busch Brewery, which date to the 1860s. St.

1861

In 1861, 28 civilians were killed in a clash with Union troops.

1864

Louis County Courthouse (known as the Old Courthouse) was completed in 1864 and was notable for having a cast iron dome and for being the tallest structure in Missouri until 1894.

1867

Cyril and Methodius Church (1857) in the Romanesque Revival style and Christ Church Cathedral (completed in 1867, designed in 1859) in the Gothic Revival style. A few civic buildings were constructed during the early 19th century.

1870

Louis became a major port on the Mississippi River; from 1870 until the 1920 census, it was the fourth-largest city in the country.

1873

Finally, a customs house was constructed in the Greek Revival style in 1852, but was demolished and replaced in 1873 by the U.S.

1874

Louis profited via trade with the West, aided by the 1874 completion of the Eads Bridge, named for its design engineer.

1876

An estimated 8,500 vehicles pass through it daily. On August 22, 1876, the city of St.

1877

Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries.

Louis County and become an independent city, and, following a recount of the votes in November, officially did so in March of 1877.

1884

Louis was on July 14, 1954 and the lowest was on January 5, 1884. St.

1892

Louis is the site of the Wainwright Building, a skyscraper designed in 1892 by architect Louis Sullivan. ===20th-century=== In 1904, the city hosted the World's Fair and the Olympics, becoming the first non-European city to host the games.

1894

Louis County Courthouse (known as the Old Courthouse) was completed in 1864 and was notable for having a cast iron dome and for being the tallest structure in Missouri until 1894.

But 1904 left other assets to the city, like Theodore Link's 1894 St.

1900

Louis (1900) in Richardsonian Romanesque. By the 1900 census, St.

1904

In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics. A "Gamma" global city with a metropolitan GDP of more than $160 billion in 2017, metropolitan St.

Louis is the site of the Wainwright Building, a skyscraper designed in 1892 by architect Louis Sullivan. ===20th-century=== In 1904, the city hosted the World's Fair and the Olympics, becoming the first non-European city to host the games.

In 1904, the city hosted a world's fair at Forest Park called the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.

But 1904 left other assets to the city, like Theodore Link's 1894 St.

1907

Barnett and constructed between 1907 and 1914 in the Neo-Byzantine style.

1914

Barnett and constructed between 1907 and 1914 in the Neo-Byzantine style.

1916

In 1916, during the Jim Crow Era, St.

1920

Louis became a major port on the Mississippi River; from 1870 until the 1920 census, it was the fourth-largest city in the country.

Most of River des Peres was confined to a channel or put underground in the 1920s and early 1930s.

1930

Most of River des Peres was confined to a channel or put underground in the 1920s and early 1930s.

1940

In April 1940, the city banned the use of soft coal mined in nearby states.

1946

By 1946, the city had reduced air pollution by about 75%. De jure educational segregation continued into the 1950s, and de facto segregation continued into the 1970s, leading to a court challenge and interdistrict desegregation agreement.

1948

Supreme Court in 1948 in Shelley v.

1950

By 1946, the city had reduced air pollution by about 75%. De jure educational segregation continued into the 1950s, and de facto segregation continued into the 1970s, leading to a court challenge and interdistrict desegregation agreement.

It reached its peak population of 856,796 at the 1950 census.

Suburbanization from the 1950s through the 1990s dramatically reduced the city's population, as did restructuring of industry and loss of jobs.

Louis was unable to do so. Several urban renewal projects were built in the 1950s, as the city worked to replace old and substandard housing.

1953

Precipitation averages about , but has ranged from in 1953 to in 2015.

1954

Louis was on July 14, 1954 and the lowest was on January 5, 1884. St.

1964

In 1964, civil rights activists protested at the construction of the Gateway Arch to publicize their effort to gain entry for African Americans into the skilled trade unions, where they were underrepresented.

The Department of Justice filed the first suit against the unions under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In the first part of the century, St.

1965

Louis, from the time of its erection until 1965 when the Gateway Arch Bridge was constructed.

1970

By 1946, the city had reduced air pollution by about 75%. De jure educational segregation continued into the 1950s, and de facto segregation continued into the 1970s, leading to a court challenge and interdistrict desegregation agreement.

Architectural influences reflected in the area include French Colonial, German, early American, and modern architectural styles. Some notable post-modern commercial skyscrapers were built downtown in the 1970s and 1980s, including the One US Bank Plaza (1976), the AT&T Center (1986), and One Metropolitan Square (1989), which is the tallest building in St.

1980

One prominent example, Pruitt–Igoe, became a symbol of failure in public housing, and was torn down less than two decades after it was built. Since the 1980s, several revitalization efforts have focused on downtown St.

Architectural influences reflected in the area include French Colonial, German, early American, and modern architectural styles. Some notable post-modern commercial skyscrapers were built downtown in the 1970s and 1980s, including the One US Bank Plaza (1976), the AT&T Center (1986), and One Metropolitan Square (1989), which is the tallest building in St.

1990

Suburbanization from the 1950s through the 1990s dramatically reduced the city's population, as did restructuring of industry and loss of jobs.

One US Bank Plaza, the local headquarters for US Bancorp, was constructed for the Mercantile Bancorporation in the Structural expressionist style, emphasizing the steel structure of the building. During the 1990s, St.

1993

Louis MetroLink light rail system has used the rail deck since 1993.

The lower section of the river was the site of some of the worst flooding of the Great Flood of 1993. The city's eastern boundary is the Mississippi River, which separates Missouri from Illinois.

2000

Louis grew slightly during the early 2000s, but lost population from 2000 to 2010.

Eagleton United States Courthouse (completed in 2000).

2006

Louis win the World Leadership Award for urban renewal in 2006.

2010

Louis had a population of 308,826 which is down from a population of 319,371 in 2010. In the 21st century, the city of St.

Louis grew slightly during the early 2000s, but lost population from 2000 to 2010.

2015

Precipitation averages about , but has ranged from in 1953 to in 2015.

2017

In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics. A "Gamma" global city with a metropolitan GDP of more than $160 billion in 2017, metropolitan St.

In 2017 the US Census Bureau estimated that St.

2019

As of 2019, the city proper had an estimated population of around 300,000, while the bi-state metropolitan area, which extends into Illinois, had an estimated population of over 2.8 million, making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri, the second-largest in Illinois, the seventh-largest in the Great Lakes Megalopolis, and the 22nd-largest in the United States. Before European settlement, the area was a regional center of Native American Mississippian culture.

In 2019, the city was awarded a Major League Soccer franchise, St.




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