There are, however, billions of stars resolvable by 21st century telescopes, so this is an impossible goal; with this kind of catalog, an attempt is generally made to get every star brighter than a given magnitude. ===LAL=== Jérôme Lalande published the Histoire Céleste Française in 1801, which contained an extensive star catalog, among other things.
L., et al., Lowell Proper Motion Survey, Lowell Observatory Bulletin, 1971–1979 ([http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971lpms.book.....G]) ===Struve Double Star Catalog=== Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve discovered a very large number of double stars and in 1827 published his double star catalogue Catalogus novus stellarum duplicium.
A significant reworking of this catalogue by followers of Lalande in 1846 added reference numbers to the stars that are used to refer to some of these stars to this day.
J., A Catalog of 1849 Stars with Proper Motion exceeding 0.5" annually, Lund Press, Minneapolis (Mn), 1955 ([http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955QB6.L8.........]) LHS – Luyten Half-Second catalogue Luyten, W.
The decent accuracy of this catalogue kept it in common use as a reference by observatories around the world throughout the 19th century. ===BD/CD/CPD=== The Bonner Durchmusterung (German: Bonn sampling) and follow-ups were the most complete of the pre-photographic star catalogues. The Bonner Durchmusterung itself was published by Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander, Adalbert Krüger, and Eduard Schönfeld between 1852 and 1859.
It covered 320,000 stars in epoch 1855.0. As it covered only the northern sky and some of the south (being compiled from the Bonn observatory), this was then supplemented by the Südliche Durchmusterung (SD), which covers stars between declinations −1 and −23 degrees (1886, 120,000 stars).
The decent accuracy of this catalogue kept it in common use as a reference by observatories around the world throughout the 19th century. ===BD/CD/CPD=== The Bonner Durchmusterung (German: Bonn sampling) and follow-ups were the most complete of the pre-photographic star catalogues. The Bonner Durchmusterung itself was published by Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander, Adalbert Krüger, and Eduard Schönfeld between 1852 and 1859.
The observations were made between 1891 and 1950.
It was further supplemented by the Cordoba Durchmusterung (580,000 stars), which began to be compiled at Córdoba, Argentina in 1892 under the initiative of John M.
Lastly, the Cape Photographic Durchmusterung (450,000 stars, 1896), compiled at the Cape, South Africa, covers declinations −18 to −90. Astronomers preferentially use the HD designation (see next entry) of a star, as that catalogue also gives spectroscopic information, but as the Durchmusterungs cover more stars they occasionally fall back on the older designations when dealing with one not found in Draper.
Stars numbered 1–225300 are from the original catalogue and are numbered in order of right ascension for the 1900.0 epoch.
It gives the co-ordinates in 1900 epoch, the secular variation, the proper motion, the weighted average absolute parallax and its standard error, the number of parallax observations, quality of interagreement of the different values, the visual magnitude and various cross-identifications with other catalogues.
Examples include BD+50°1725 or CD−45°13677. ===HD/HDE=== The Henry Draper Catalogue was published in the period 1918–1924.
10, 1919; and numerous lists in Astronomische Nachrichten, 209 to 236, 1919–1929 Willem Jacob Luyten later produced a series of catalogues: L – Luyten, Proper motion stars and White dwarfs Luyten, W.
36 to 48, 1925–1939 Wolf, Max, "Katalog von 1053 stärker bewegten Fixsternen", Veröff.
Naval Observatory took over custody of the catalogue, now in its 2000.2 edition. ===BS, BSC, HR=== First published in 1930 as the Yale Catalog of Bright Stars, this catalogue contained information on all stars brighter than visual magnitude 6.5 in the Harvard Revised Photometry Catalogue.
J., Proper Motion Survey with the forty-eight inch Schmidt Telescope, University of Minnesota, 1941 (General Catalogue of the Bruce Proper-Motion Survey) LFT – Luyten Five-Tenths catalogue Luyten, W.
Stars in the range 225301–359083 are from the 1949 extension of the catalogue.
The observations were made between 1891 and 1950.
An example of a star which is often referred to by one of these unofficial GJ numbers is GJ 3021. ===GCTP=== The General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes, first published in 1952 and later superseded by the New GCTP (now in its fourth edition), covers nearly 9,000 stars.
J., A Catalog of 1849 Stars with Proper Motion exceeding 0.5" annually, Lund Press, Minneapolis (Mn), 1955 ([http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955QB6.L8.........]) LHS – Luyten Half-Second catalogue Luyten, W.
A catalogue of 9867 stars in the Southern Hemisphere with proper motions exceeding 0".2 annually, Minneapolis, 1957; A catalogue of 7127 stars in the Northern Hemisphere with proper motions exceeding 0".2 annually``, Minneapolis, 1961; also supplements 1961–1962.
A catalogue of 9867 stars in the Southern Hemisphere with proper motions exceeding 0".2 annually, Minneapolis, 1957; A catalogue of 7127 stars in the Northern Hemisphere with proper motions exceeding 0".2 annually``, Minneapolis, 1961; also supplements 1961–1962.
Auxiliary information, including UBV photometry, MK spectral types, data on the variability and binary nature of the stars, orbits when available, and miscellaneous information to aid in determining the reliability of the data are also listed. 1952 edition and 1962 supplement.
J., Proper Motion Survey with the 48 inch Schmidt Telescope, University of Minnesota, 1963–1981 :LP numbers: L in zones −45 to −89 deg.; LP in zones +89 to −44 deg. Around the same time period, Henry Lee Giclas worked on a similar series of catalogues: Giclas, H.
The 5th edition is in electronic form and is available online. ===SAO=== The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory catalogue was compiled in 1966 from various previous astrometric catalogues, and contains only the stars to about ninth magnitude for which accurate proper motions were known.
Pocock). Numbers in the ranges 1000–1294 and 2001–2159 (GJ numbers) are from the supplement Nearby Star Data Published 1969–1978 (1979, W.
L., et al., Lowell Proper Motion Survey, Lowell Observatory Bulletin, 1971–1979 ([http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971lpms.book.....G]) ===Struve Double Star Catalog=== Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve discovered a very large number of double stars and in 1827 published his double star catalogue Catalogus novus stellarum duplicium.
J., Catalogue of stars with proper motions exceeding 0"5 annually, University of Minnesota, 1979 ([http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979lccs.book.....L]) LTT – Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue Luyten, W.
of Minnesota, 1979, supplement 1980 ([http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980nlca.book.....L][http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/98A]) LPM – Luyten Proper-Motion catalogue Luyten, W.
The first version of the catalogue was produced in the late 1980s by digitizing photographic plates and contained about 20 million stars, out to about magnitude 15.
of Minnesota, 1979, supplement 1980 ([http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980nlca.book.....L][http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/98A]) LPM – Luyten Proper-Motion catalogue Luyten, W.
The catalogue detailed each star's coordinates, proper motions, photometric data, spectral types, and other useful information. The last printed version of the Bright Star Catalogue was the 4th revised edition, released in 1982.
The list was revised in 1983 with the publication of a supplement that listed additional stars down to magnitude 7.1.
The PPM was built from BD, SAO, HD and more, with sophisticated algorithm and is an extension for the Fifth Fundamental Catalogue, "Catalogues of Fundamental Stars". ===HIP=== The Hipparcos catalogue was compiled from the data gathered by the European Space Agency's astrometric satellite Hipparcos, which was operational from 1989 to 1993.
The PPM was built from BD, SAO, HD and more, with sophisticated algorithm and is an extension for the Fifth Fundamental Catalogue, "Catalogues of Fundamental Stars". ===HIP=== The Hipparcos catalogue was compiled from the data gathered by the European Space Agency's astrometric satellite Hipparcos, which was operational from 1989 to 1993.
van Altena, John Truen-liang Lee and Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit, Yale University Observatory, 1995. ===Proper motion catalogues=== A common way of detecting nearby stars is to look for relatively high proper motions.
Published in 1998, the catalogue includes 63,316 stars surveyed through 1996. ===ZC catalogue=== The Robertson's Zodiacal Catalogue, collected by the astronomer James Robertson, is a catalogue of 3539 zodiacal stars brighter than 9th magnitude.
The catalogue was published in June 1997 and contains 118,218 stars; an updated version with re-processed data was published in 2007.
Published in 1998, the catalogue includes 63,316 stars surveyed through 1996. ===ZC catalogue=== The Robertson's Zodiacal Catalogue, collected by the astronomer James Robertson, is a catalogue of 3539 zodiacal stars brighter than 9th magnitude.
The latest version continues to be used to accurately position the Hubble Space Telescope. ===PPM=== The PPM Star Catalogue (1991) is one of the best, both in the proper motion and star position till 1999.
Naval Observatory took over custody of the catalogue, now in its 2000.2 edition. ===BS, BSC, HR=== First published in 1930 as the Yale Catalog of Bright Stars, this catalogue contained information on all stars brighter than visual magnitude 6.5 in the Harvard Revised Photometry Catalogue.
The data release includes positions and magnitudes in a single photometric band for 1.1 billion stars using only Gaia data, positions, parallaxes and proper motions for more than 2 million stars based on a combination of Gaia and Tycho-2 data for those objects in both catalogues, light curves and characteristics for about 3000 variable stars, and positions and magnitudes for more than 2000 extragalactic sources used to define the celestial reference frame.
Pocock). Numbers in the ranges 1000–1294 and 2001–2159 (GJ numbers) are from the supplement Nearby Star Data Published 1969–1978 (1979, W.
Jahreiß). The range 1000–1294 represents nearby stars, while 2001–2159 represents suspected nearby stars.
The catalogue was published in June 1997 and contains 118,218 stars; an updated version with re-processed data was published in 2007.
The second data release (DR2), which occurred on 25 April 2018, is based on 22 months of observations made between 25 July 2014 and 23 May 2016.
Gaia DR1, the first data release of the spacecraft Gaia mission, based on 14 months of observations made through September 2015, took place on 13 September 2016.
Gaia DR1, the first data release of the spacecraft Gaia mission, based on 14 months of observations made through September 2015, took place on 13 September 2016.
The second data release (DR2), which occurred on 25 April 2018, is based on 22 months of observations made between 25 July 2014 and 23 May 2016.
The second data release (DR2), which occurred on 25 April 2018, is based on 22 months of observations made between 25 July 2014 and 23 May 2016.
The first part of the third data release, EDR3 (Early Data Release 3) was released on 3 December 2020.
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