The same is true of the F-35B Lightning II, which demonstrated VTOL capability in test flights but is operationally a STOVL. ==History== In 1951, the Lockheed XFV and the Convair XFY Pogo tailsitters were both designed around the Allison YT40 turboprop engine driving contra-rotating propellers. The British Hawker P.1127 took off vertically in 1960, and demonstrated conventional take-off in 1961.
The same is true of the F-35B Lightning II, which demonstrated VTOL capability in test flights but is operationally a STOVL. ==History== In 1951, the Lockheed XFV and the Convair XFY Pogo tailsitters were both designed around the Allison YT40 turboprop engine driving contra-rotating propellers. The British Hawker P.1127 took off vertically in 1960, and demonstrated conventional take-off in 1961.
The same is true of the F-35B Lightning II, which demonstrated VTOL capability in test flights but is operationally a STOVL. ==History== In 1951, the Lockheed XFV and the Convair XFY Pogo tailsitters were both designed around the Allison YT40 turboprop engine driving contra-rotating propellers. The British Hawker P.1127 took off vertically in 1960, and demonstrated conventional take-off in 1961.
It was developed into the Hawker Siddeley Harrier which flew in 1967. In 1962, Lockheed built the XV-4 Hummingbird for the U.S.
First flying vertically in 1963, it suffered a fatal crash in 1964.
First flying vertically in 1963, it suffered a fatal crash in 1964.
The German EWR VJ 101 used swiveling engines mounted on the wingtips with fuselage mounted lift engines, and the VJ 101C X1 reached supersonic flight (Mach 1.08) on 29 July 1964.
The F-35B Lightning II entered service on 31 July 2015. Larger STOVL designs were considered, the Armstrong Whitworth AW.681 cargo aircraft was under development when cancelled in 1965.
It was developed into the Hawker Siddeley Harrier which flew in 1967. In 1962, Lockheed built the XV-4 Hummingbird for the U.S.
That plane flew and later crashed in 1969.
The Dornier Do 31 got as far as three experimental aircraft before cancellation in 1970. Although mostly a VTOL design, the V-22 Osprey has increased payload when taking off from a short runway. ==References== STOL aircraft VTOL aircraft Types of take-off and landing
The formal NATO definition (since 1991) is: On aircraft carriers, non-catapult-assisted, fixed-wing short takeoffs are accomplished with the use of thrust vectoring, which may also be used in conjunction with a runway "ski-jump".
The supersonic Hawker Siddeley P.1154, which competed with the Mirage IIIV for use in NATO, was cancelled even as the aircraft were being built. NASA uses the abbreviation SSTOVL for Supersonic Short Take-Off / Vertical Landing, and as of 2012, the X-35B/F-35B are the only aircraft to conform with this combination within one flight. The experimental Mach 1.7 Yakovlev Yak-141 did not find an operational customer, but similar rotating rear nozzle technology is used on the F-35B.
The F-35B Lightning II entered service on 31 July 2015. Larger STOVL designs were considered, the Armstrong Whitworth AW.681 cargo aircraft was under development when cancelled in 1965.
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