A player who successfully captures the opposing Flag is rewarded with a triumphant bit of music from the 1812 Overture. In the late 1990s, the Jumbo Company released several European variants, including a three- and four-player version, and a new Cannon piece (which jumps two squares to capture any piece, but loses to any attack against it).
Edan states that she developed the game in the 1880s. L'attaque was later produced in England by game maker H.P.
In some variants such as Stratego Waterloo and Fire and Ice Stratego, all or most of the pieces have substantially different moves; these are essentially different games. ==History== ===Japanese Military Chess=== Japanese Military Chess (軍人将棋) has been sold and played since as early as 1895, although it is unknown by whom and when it was invented.
It featured standing cardboard rectangular pieces, color printed with soldiers who wore contemporary (to 1900) uniforms, not Napoleonic uniforms.
Chiristian Junghans reported this game in Monstshefte magazine in Germany in 1905.
It seems, only after reading his article, Julie Berg took out a patent on a war game in London and Paris in 1907.
Historian and game collector Thierry Depaulis writes: It was in fact designed by a lady, Mademoiselle Hermance Edan, who filed a patent for a "jeu de bataille avec pièces mobiles sur damier" (a battle game with mobile pieces on a gameboard) on 1908-11-26.
The patent was released by the French Patent Office in 1909 (patent #396.795).
Hermance Edan had given no name to her game but a French manufacturer named Au Jeu Retrouvé was selling the game as L'Attaque as early as 1910. Depaulis further notes that the 1910 version was played with 36 pieces per player on a 9×10 board and the armies were divided into red and blue colors.
Gibson in 1911, but very similar to L'Attaque (and hence Stratego) Aviation (game) – an air battle variation designed by Harry Gibson in 1925, with a variant called Battle of Britain sold in the 1970s. Tri-Tactics – a game combining combination of land, sea and air warfare on a 12 x 12 board, with 56 pieces per person, dating from 1932, evolved from the above games. ===Stratego (classic)=== Stratego was created by Jacques Johan Mogendorff some time before 1942.
Gibson and Sons, who bought the rights to the game in 1925, at least until the 1970s, initially retaining the French name before changing it. === The early H.
Gibson in 1911, but very similar to L'Attaque (and hence Stratego) Aviation (game) – an air battle variation designed by Harry Gibson in 1925, with a variant called Battle of Britain sold in the 1970s. Tri-Tactics – a game combining combination of land, sea and air warfare on a 12 x 12 board, with 56 pieces per person, dating from 1932, evolved from the above games. ===Stratego (classic)=== Stratego was created by Jacques Johan Mogendorff some time before 1942.
Gibson in 1911, but very similar to L'Attaque (and hence Stratego) Aviation (game) – an air battle variation designed by Harry Gibson in 1925, with a variant called Battle of Britain sold in the 1970s. Tri-Tactics – a game combining combination of land, sea and air warfare on a 12 x 12 board, with 56 pieces per person, dating from 1932, evolved from the above games. ===Stratego (classic)=== Stratego was created by Jacques Johan Mogendorff some time before 1942.
strategus) for leader of an ancient (especially Greek) army; first general. The name Stratego was first registered in 1942 in the Netherlands.
Gibson in 1911, but very similar to L'Attaque (and hence Stratego) Aviation (game) – an air battle variation designed by Harry Gibson in 1925, with a variant called Battle of Britain sold in the 1970s. Tri-Tactics – a game combining combination of land, sea and air warfare on a 12 x 12 board, with 56 pieces per person, dating from 1932, evolved from the above games. ===Stratego (classic)=== Stratego was created by Jacques Johan Mogendorff some time before 1942.
The name was registered as a trademark in 1942 by the Dutch company Van Perlstein & Roeper Bosch N.V.
After WW2, Mogendorff licensed Stratego to Smeets and Schippers, a Dutch company, in 1946.
The United States trademark was filed in 1958 and registered in 1960 to Jacques Johan Mogendorff and is presently owned by Jumbo Games as successors to Hausemann and Hotte, headquartered in the Netherlands.
Hausemann and Hotte acquired a license in 1958 for European distribution, and in 1959 for global distribution.
Hausemann and Hotte acquired a license in 1958 for European distribution, and in 1959 for global distribution.
The United States trademark was filed in 1958 and registered in 1960 to Jacques Johan Mogendorff and is presently owned by Jumbo Games as successors to Hausemann and Hotte, headquartered in the Netherlands.
Starting in the early 1960s all versions switched to plastic pieces.
More recent American versions of the game, which adopted the European system, caused considerable complaint among American players who grew up in the 1960s and 1970s.
It has been in production in Europe since World War II and the United States since 1961.
After Mogendorff's death in 1961, Hausemann and Hotte purchased the trademark from his heirs, and sublicensed it to Milton Bradley (which was acquired by Hasbro in 1984) in 1961 for United States distribution.
The 1961 wood pieces had a design that looked like vines scaling a castle wall on the back.
But note that later 1961 production featured plastic pieces (not true first editions).
licensee) Probe, an online Stratego automaton (3 time Computer Stratego World Champion) International Computer Gaming Association, whose ICGA Journal publishes occasional current research on computer Stratego Board games introduced in 1961 Abstract strategy games Board wargames Milton Bradley Company games Children's board games Dutch inventions Stratego
edition (1961) Milton Bradley set, and a special edition 1963 set called Stratego Fine, had wooden pieces.
Gibson and Sons, who bought the rights to the game in 1925, at least until the 1970s, initially retaining the French name before changing it. === The early H.
Gibson in 1911, but very similar to L'Attaque (and hence Stratego) Aviation (game) – an air battle variation designed by Harry Gibson in 1925, with a variant called Battle of Britain sold in the 1970s. Tri-Tactics – a game combining combination of land, sea and air warfare on a 12 x 12 board, with 56 pieces per person, dating from 1932, evolved from the above games. ===Stratego (classic)=== Stratego was created by Jacques Johan Mogendorff some time before 1942.
More recent American versions of the game, which adopted the European system, caused considerable complaint among American players who grew up in the 1960s and 1970s.
This may have been a factor in the release of a Nostalgic edition, in a wooden box, reproducing the Classic edition of the early 1970s. ===Modern Stratego variations=== Electronic Stratego was introduced by Milton Bradley in 1982.
Sets produced since 1970 or so have uniformly adopted the rule that scouts can move and strike in the same turn. == Digital Stratego, online gaming and AIs == Accolade first introduced a Microsoft DOS-based Stratego AI in 1990, but it was not even so good as a rank beginner human player, lacking any apparent strategic conception and making many tactical blunders.
This may have been a factor in the release of a Nostalgic edition, in a wooden box, reproducing the Classic edition of the early 1970s. ===Modern Stratego variations=== Electronic Stratego was introduced by Milton Bradley in 1982.
After Mogendorff's death in 1961, Hausemann and Hotte purchased the trademark from his heirs, and sublicensed it to Milton Bradley (which was acquired by Hasbro in 1984) in 1961 for United States distribution.
A player who successfully captures the opposing Flag is rewarded with a triumphant bit of music from the 1812 Overture. In the late 1990s, the Jumbo Company released several European variants, including a three- and four-player version, and a new Cannon piece (which jumps two squares to capture any piece, but loses to any attack against it).
Sets produced since 1970 or so have uniformly adopted the rule that scouts can move and strike in the same turn. == Digital Stratego, online gaming and AIs == Accolade first introduced a Microsoft DOS-based Stratego AI in 1990, but it was not even so good as a rank beginner human player, lacking any apparent strategic conception and making many tactical blunders.
In 1991 the first Dutch Stratego Championship was being organised by Johan van der Wielen, Roel Eefting and Marc Perriëns.
Competitions in this version now include the "Stratego Duel World Championships," which were held for the first time in August 2009 (Sheffield, England). Stratego Barrage:To force decisions in knock-out stages in tournaments, in 1992 Stratego Barrage was developed by Marc Perriëns and Roel Eefting.
Since 1992 Dutch Championships and since 2000 World Championships in Barrage have been organised.
Instead of capturing the Flag, the players must get two of their pawns on the lines of communication of their opponent. Stratego Conquest: 1996, two- to four-handed game played on world map; alternate pieces cannons and cavalry Stratego Fortress: A 3D version of Stratego featuring a 3-level fortress and mystical themed pieces and maneuvers Fire and Ice Stratego: The Hasbro version called Fire and Ice Stratego has different pieces and rules of movement.
Comes with an optional alternate piece, the Infiltrator. Stratego 50th Anniversary 1997 by Spin Master comes in both a book style box and a cookie tin like metal box, with original artwork, pieces and gameplay.
Stratego World Championships have been held since 1997 and continue to be held yearly around August; the latest was 2019. Competitive Stratego competitions are now held in all four versions of the game: Classic Stratego:Competitions in the original game include the "Classic Stratego World Championships", the "Classic Stratego Olympiad" and several National Championships from various different countries. Ultimate Lightning Stratego: In this version of the game, each side has only 20 pieces.
In 1997 Cambodia had the scoop to be the first Asian country in which its national Classic Stratego Championship was being organised.
Modern AIs exist and compete in various tournaments including the Computer Stratego World Championship, but are currently no better than an intermediate level human player. A digital Stratego CD-ROM was introduced by Hasbro Interactive in 1998 for Windows 95/98.
In 1998 Roel Eefting surprisingly lost his title to fellow Dutchman Marc Nickel (Derks), who ironically was invited by him on a journey together through Cambodia. 2007 World Team Cup.
The winner was Probe, with a record of 24–3–3 (W–L–D). == See also == List of abstract strategy games Gunjin Shogi – Japanese Stratego game, but some of the rules are different. ==References== == Further reading == Stratego Piece by Piece: History, Strategy, Tactics and Deployment, 1999, Prof.
From highest rank to lowest the pieces are: The higher ranked piece always captures the lower, except when stated otherwise. Some versions (primarily those released since 2000) make 10 (the Marshal) the highest rank with the Spy ranked 1, while others (versions prior to 2000, as well as the Nostalgia version released in 2002) have the Marshal piece ranked at 1 and the Spy designated S.
Since 1992 Dutch Championships and since 2000 World Championships in Barrage have been organised.
From highest rank to lowest the pieces are: The higher ranked piece always captures the lower, except when stated otherwise. Some versions (primarily those released since 2000) make 10 (the Marshal) the highest rank with the Spy ranked 1, while others (versions prior to 2000, as well as the Nostalgia version released in 2002) have the Marshal piece ranked at 1 and the Spy designated S.
Optional Cannons (2 per player) playing pieces. Nostalgia Game Series Edition: Released 2002.
In this version, the scout may not move and strike in the same turn. Michael Graves Design Stratego by Milton Bradley introduced in 2002 and sold exclusively through Target Stores.
Holland defeated Germany in the 2007 World Team Cup. 2007 Stratego Olympiad.
The 2007 Stratego Olympiad was held as part of the list of events within the Mind Sports Olympics.
The 2007 event was held near London, England on 25 and 26 August 2007.
Great Britain defeated Holland in the 2007 World Team Championships. 2007 Computer Stratego World Championship.
StrategoUSA conducted the first open tournament ever held for Stratego AI programs during December 2007.
Limited production, no longer available. Stratego Onyx: Introduced in 2008, Stratego Onyx was sold exclusively by Barnes & Noble.
The 2008 tournament was held during December with six programs participating.
In 2009, Hausemann and Hotte was succeeded by Koninklijke Jumbo B.V.
Competitions in this version now include the "Stratego Duel World Championships," which were held for the first time in August 2009 (Sheffield, England). Stratego Barrage:To force decisions in knock-out stages in tournaments, in 1992 Stratego Barrage was developed by Marc Perriëns and Roel Eefting.
The 2009 tournament was held in December.
The 2010 tournament was held in August, in Maastricht, Netherlands, Pim Neimejer (Netherlands) won the World Championship (overall score).
The 2010 tournament was held in December.
It included all the games of Ultimate Stratego as well as classic Stratego, and was designed to be used over an LAN, modem-to-modem, or over the internet. In 2013, Jumbo, together with Keesing Games launched stratego.com, which is free to play online with other players.
Features unique Spotter playing pieces. Stratego Waterloo: For the bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo in June 2015, the Dutch publishing group Jumbo published Stratego Waterloo.
Players who do not know their teammates may not be able to tell which team other players are on, creating incomplete information and opportunities for bluffing. ==Publications== Unlike the vast literature for chess, checkers and backgammon, as of 2019, there is a single book, "Stratego: From Beginner To Winner", written by Richard Ratcliffe and published by Steel City Press. ==Versions== The game remains in production, with new versions continuing to appear every few years.
Stratego World Championships have been held since 1997 and continue to be held yearly around August; the latest was 2019. Competitive Stratego competitions are now held in all four versions of the game: Classic Stratego:Competitions in the original game include the "Classic Stratego World Championships", the "Classic Stratego Olympiad" and several National Championships from various different countries. Ultimate Lightning Stratego: In this version of the game, each side has only 20 pieces.
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