Such video had previously been referred to by the misnomer "store and forward video." ==Precursors== Beginning in 1881, Théâtrophone enabled subscribers to listen to opera and theatre performances over telephone lines.
The concept of media streaming eventually came to America. In the early 1920s, George O.
Squier was granted patents for a system for the transmission and distribution of signals over electrical lines, which was the technical basis for what later became Muzak, a technology streaming continuous music to commercial customers without the use of radio. The Telephone Music Service, a live jukebox service, began in 1929 and continued until 1997.
This operated until 1932.
This is an increase from emissions in the pre-digital music period, which were estimated at "140 million kilograms in 1977, 136 million kilograms in 1988, and 157 million in 2000." A 2021 study claims that one hour of streaming or videoconferencing "emits 150-1,000 grams of carbon dioxide ...
From the late 1980s through the 1990s, consumer-grade personal computers became powerful enough to display various media.
The DCT algorithm formed the basis for the first practical video coding format, H.261, in 1988.
This is an increase from emissions in the pre-digital music period, which were estimated at "140 million kilograms in 1977, 136 million kilograms in 1988, and 157 million in 2000." A 2021 study claims that one hour of streaming or videoconferencing "emits 150-1,000 grams of carbon dioxide ...
"Streaming" was applied in the early 1990s as a better description for video on demand and later live video on IP networks.
From the late 1980s through the 1990s, consumer-grade personal computers became powerful enough to display various media.
The DCT algorithm was also adapted into the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT), which is fundamental to the MP3 audio format introduced in 1994, and Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format introduced in 1999. === Late 1990s to early 2000s === During the late 1990s and early 2000s, users had increased access to computer networks, especially the Internet.
It was followed by more popular DCT-based video coding standards, most notably MPEG video formats from 1991 onwards.
For the 2013–2014 season, ten operas were transmitted via satellite into at least two thousand theaters in sixty-six countries. === Business developments === The first commercial streaming product appeared in late 1992 and was named StarWorks.
On June 24, 1993, the band was playing a gig at Xerox PARC while elsewhere in the building, scientists were discussing new technology (the Mbone) for broadcasting on the Internet using multicasting.
The DCT algorithm was also adapted into the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT), which is fundamental to the MP3 audio format introduced in 1994, and Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format introduced in 1999. === Late 1990s to early 2000s === During the late 1990s and early 2000s, users had increased access to computer networks, especially the Internet.
RealNetworks pioneered the broadcast of a baseball game between the New York Yankees and the Seattle Mariners over the Internet in 1995.
The first symphonic concert on the Internet—a collaboration between the Seattle Symphony and guest musicians Slash, Matt Cameron, and Barrett Martin—took place at the Paramount Theater in Seattle, Washington, on November 10, 1995.
Word Magazine featured the first ever streaming soundtracks on the Internet when it launched in 1995.
In 1996, Marc Scarpa produced the first large-scale, online, live broadcast, the Adam Yauch-led Tibetan Freedom Concert, an event that would define the format of social change broadcasts.
Squier was granted patents for a system for the transmission and distribution of signals over electrical lines, which was the technical basis for what later became Muzak, a technology streaming continuous music to commercial customers without the use of radio. The Telephone Music Service, a live jukebox service, began in 1929 and continued until 1997.
The DCT algorithm was also adapted into the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT), which is fundamental to the MP3 audio format introduced in 1994, and Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format introduced in 1999. === Late 1990s to early 2000s === During the late 1990s and early 2000s, users had increased access to computer networks, especially the Internet.
In the age of digitization, the private consumption of music transformed into a public good largely due to one player in the market: Napster. Napster, a peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing network where users could upload and download MP3 files freely, broke all music industry conventions when it launched in early 1999 out of Hull, Massachusetts.
Along with music piracy, streaming services disrupted the market and contributed to the fall in revenue from $14.6 billion in revenue in 1999 to $6.3 billion in 2009 for the U.S.
The DCT algorithm was also adapted into the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT), which is fundamental to the MP3 audio format introduced in 1994, and Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format introduced in 1999. === Late 1990s to early 2000s === During the late 1990s and early 2000s, users had increased access to computer networks, especially the Internet.
During the early 2000s, users had access to increased network bandwidth, especially in the last mile.
The competing formats on websites required each user to download the respective applications for streaming and resulted in many users having to have all three applications on their computer for general compatibility. In 2000 Industryview.com launched its "world's largest streaming video archive" website to help businesses promote themselves.
It was argued on 2 October 2000 and was decided on 12 February 2001.
This is an increase from emissions in the pre-digital music period, which were estimated at "140 million kilograms in 1977, 136 million kilograms in 1988, and 157 million in 2000." A 2021 study claims that one hour of streaming or videoconferencing "emits 150-1,000 grams of carbon dioxide ...
The first to fall was Napster in 2001.
In addition to this, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) also filed a lawsuit against Napster on the grounds of unauthorized distribution of copyrighted material, which ultimately led Napster to shutting down in 2001.
It was argued on 2 October 2000 and was decided on 12 February 2001.
The ability to collect data and feedback from potential customers caused this technology to gain momentum quickly. Around 2002, the interest in a single, unified, streaming format and the widespread adoption of Adobe Flash prompted the development of a video streaming format through Flash, which was the format used in Flash-based players on video hosting sites.
The first popular video streaming site, YouTube, was founded by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley and Jawed Karim in 2005.
For example, one hour of digital video encoded at 300 kbit/s (this was a typical broadband video in 2005 and it was usually encoded in a 320 × 240 pixels window size) will be: (3,600 s × 300,000 bit/s) / (8×1024×1024) requires around 128 MB of storage. If the file is stored on a server for on-demand streaming and this stream is viewed by 1,000 people at the same time using a Unicast protocol, the requirement is 300 kbit/s × 1,000 = 300,000 kbit/s = 300 Mbit/s of bandwidth.
Along with music piracy, streaming services disrupted the market and contributed to the fall in revenue from $14.6 billion in revenue in 1999 to $6.3 billion in 2009 for the U.S.
In the 2010s, technologies such as Apple's HLS, Microsoft's Smooth Streaming, Adobe's HDS and non-proprietary formats such as MPEG-DASH have emerged to enable adaptive bitrate streaming over HTTP as an alternative to using proprietary transport protocols.
Napster, owned by Rhapsody since 2011, has resurfaced as a music streaming platform offering subscription based services to over 4.5 million users as of January 2017.
For the 2013–2014 season, ten operas were transmitted via satellite into at least two thousand theaters in sixty-six countries. === Business developments === The first commercial streaming product appeared in late 1992 and was named StarWorks.
These audio streaming services have become increasingly popular, as streaming music reached a record of 118.1 billion streams in 2013.
The company currently also offers a (secured) link returning the available connection speed of the user. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) revealed through its 2015 earnings report that streaming services were responsible for 34.3 percent of the year's total music industry's revenue, growing 29 percent from the previous year and becoming the largest source of income, pulling in around $2.4 billion.
In July 2015, The New York Times published an article about Netflix's DVD services.
In a March 2017 interview, band member Russ Haines stated that the band had used approximately "half of the total bandwidth of the internet" to stream the performance, which was a 152-by-76 pixel video, updated eight to twelve times per second, with audio quality that was "at best, a bad telephone connection". Microsoft Research developed Microsoft TV application compiled under Microsoft Windows Studio Suite and tested in conjunction with Connectix QuickCam.
Due to the popularity of the streaming media, many developers have introduced free HD movie streaming apps for the people who use smaller devices such as tablets and smartphones for everyday purposes. The Horowitz Research State of Pay TV, OTT and SVOD 2017 report said that 70 percent of those viewing content did so through a streaming service, and that 40 percent of TV viewing was done this way, twice the number from five years earlier.
Napster, owned by Rhapsody since 2011, has resurfaced as a music streaming platform offering subscription based services to over 4.5 million users as of January 2017.
In 2018, however, music streaming revenue exceeded that of traditional revenue streams (e.g.
The results of this calculation are as follows: number of MBs transferred = 500 x 1024 (bit/s) × 3 × 3,600 ( = 3 hours) × 3,000 (number of viewers) / (8 × 1024 × 1024) = 1,977,539 MB. In 2018 video is more than 60% of data traffic worldwide and accounts for 80% of growth in data usage. === Protocols === The audio stream is compressed to make the file size smaller using an audio coding format such as MP3, Vorbis, AAC or Opus.
Spotify has over 207 million users, as of 1 January 2019, in 78 different countries, Apple Music has about 60 million, and SoundCloud has 175 million.
The recording and distribution of streamed content is also an issue for many companies that rely on revenue based on views or attendance. === Greenhouse gas emissions === The net greenhouse gas emissions from streaming music have been estimated at between 200 and 350 million kilograms per year in the United States, according to a 2019 study.
This is an increase from emissions in the pre-digital music period, which were estimated at "140 million kilograms in 1977, 136 million kilograms in 1988, and 157 million in 2000." A 2021 study claims that one hour of streaming or videoconferencing "emits 150-1,000 grams of carbon dioxide ...
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