It was founded by Meena Keshwar Kamal, a woman who amongst other things established a bi-lingual magazine called Women's Message in 1981.
She was assassinated in 1987 at the age of 30, but is revered as a heroine among Afghan women. ==Punishments== Punishments were often carried out publicly, either as formal spectacles held in sports stadiums or town squares or spontaneous street beatings.
The city of Herat was particularly affected by Taliban adjustments to the treatment of women, as it had been one of the more cosmopolitan and outward-looking areas of Afghanistan prior to 1995.
Earlier, she had escaped two instances of execution by Taliban in 1995 and later fled to India.
After the Taliban takeover of Herat in 1995, the UN had hoped the gender policies would become more 'moderate' "as it matured from a popular uprising into a responsible government with linkages to the donor community".
The Taliban refused to bow to international pressure and reacted calmly to aid suspensions. In November 1995, UNICEF suspended all aid to education in regions under Taliban control, as they argued the ban on mixing males and females in education was a breach of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
On September 30, 1996, the Taliban decreed that all women should be banned from employment.
Thousands of educated families fled Kabul for Pakistan after the Taliban took the city in 1996.
For those families that had the means, inclination, and mahram support, medical attention could be sought in Pakistan. In October 1996, women were barred from accessing the traditional hammam, public baths, as the opportunities for socializing were ruled un-Islamic.
Examples: In October 1996, a woman had the tip of her thumb cut off for wearing nail varnish. In December 1996, Radio Shari’a announced that 225 Kabul women had been seized and punished for violating the sharia code of dress.
The sentence was handed down by a tribunal and the women were lashed on their legs and backs for their misdemeanor. In May 1997, five female CARE International employees with authorisation from the Ministry of the Interior to conduct research for an emergency feeding programme were forced from their vehicle by members of the religious police.
Maulvi Kalamadin stated in 1997, "Since we cannot directly punish women, we try to use taxi drivers and shopkeepers as a means to pressure them" to conform.
In June 1998, the Taliban banned women from attending general hospitals in the capital, whereas before they had been able to attend a women-only ward of general hospitals.
The guards used a public address system to insult and harass the women before striking them with a metal and leather whip over 1.5 meters (almost 5 feet) in length. In 1999, a mother of seven children was executed in front of 30,000 spectators in Kabul's Ghazi Sport stadium for murdering her husband (see right).
NGOs operating in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban in 2001 found the shortage of female health professionals to be a significant obstacle to their work. The other exception to the employment ban allowed a reduced number of humanitarian workers to remain in service.
Nasrine Gross, an Afghan-American author, stated in 2001 that it has been four years since many Afghan women had been able to pray to their God as "Islam prohibits women from praying without a bath after their periods".
Failure to comply with the Taliban's threats has led to women being shot and killed, as in the case of 22-year-old Hossai in July 2010. In 2013, an Indian author Sushmita Banerjee was shot dead by Taliban Militants for allegedly defying Taliban dictates.
Failure to comply with the Taliban's threats has led to women being shot and killed, as in the case of 22-year-old Hossai in July 2010. In 2013, an Indian author Sushmita Banerjee was shot dead by Taliban Militants for allegedly defying Taliban dictates.
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