It was until 1877 a separate town (Dom zu Reval), the residence of the aristocracy; it is today the seat of the Estonian parliament, government and some embassies and residencies. The Old Town, which is the old Hanseatic town, the "city of the citizens", was not administratively united with Cathedral Hill until the late 19th century.
The Magistracy of Reval was abolished in 1889.
Reval was in official use in Estonia until 1918. === Modern name === The name Tallinn(a) is Estonian.
The element -linna, like Germanic -burg and Slavic -grad / -gorod, originally meant 'fortress', but is used as a suffix in the formation of town names. The previously-used official names in German and Russian Revel (Ревель) were replaced after Estonia became independent in 1918. At first, both forms Tallinna and Tallinn were used.
The United States Board on Geographic Names adopted the form Tallinn between June 1923 and June 1927.
The United States Board on Geographic Names adopted the form Tallinn between June 1923 and June 1927.
Historically, the small Härjapea River flowed from Lake Ülemiste through the town into the sea, but the river was diverted for sewage in the 1930s and has since completely disappeared from the cityscape.
During World War II, Estonia was first occupied by the Red Army and annexed into the USSR in 1940, then occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944.
During World War II, Estonia was first occupied by the Red Army and annexed into the USSR in 1940, then occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944.
During World War II, Estonia was first occupied by the Red Army and annexed into the USSR in 1940, then occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944.
After the German retreat in 1944, the city was occupied again by the Soviets.
Tallinna in Estonian denotes the genitive case of the name, as in Tallinna Sadam ('the Port of Tallinn'). In Russian, the spelling of the name was changed from Таллинн to Таллин (Tallin) by the Soviet authorities in the 1950s, and this spelling is still officially sanctioned by the Russian government, while Estonian authorities have been using the spelling Таллинн in Russian-language publications since the restoration of independence.
After the annexation of Estonia into the USSR, Tallinn became formally "the capital city" of the Estonian SSR within the Soviet Union. During the 1980 Summer Olympics, the sailing (then known as yachting) events were held at Pirita, north-east of central Tallinn.
Extremes range from in January 1987 to in July 1994. == Administrative districts == For local government purposes, Tallinn is subdivided into 8 administrative districts (linnaosad, singular linnaosa).
From 1987, a cycle of mass demonstrations featuring spontaneous singing of national songs and [that were strictly forbidden during the years of the Soviet occupation to peacefully resist the illegal oppression.
The all time smallest share occurred in 1988 when only 47% of Tallinners were ethnic Estonians, not far from 2019.
In September 1988, a record 300,000 people, more than a quarter of all
Many buildings, such as the Tallinn TV Tower, "Olümpia" hotel, the new Main Post Office building, and the Regatta Centre, were built for the Olympics. In 1991, an independent democratic Estonian nation was reestablished and a period of quick development as a modern European capital ensued.
Tallinn became the capital of a de facto independent country once again on 20 August 1991. Tallinn has historically consisted of three parts: The Toompea (Domberg) or "Cathedral Hill", which was the seat of the central authority: first the Danish captains, then the komturs of the Teutonic Order, and Swedish and Russian governors.
It covers Tallinn's history from pre-history until 1991, when Estonia regained its independence.
Extremes range from in January 1987 to in July 1994. == Administrative districts == For local government purposes, Tallinn is subdivided into 8 administrative districts (linnaosad, singular linnaosa).
The Mikkel Museum, in Kadriorg Park, displays a collection of mainly Western art – ceramics and Chinese porcelain donated by Johannes Mikkel in 1994.
The Tallinn Old Town (including Toompea) became a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 1997. At the end of the 15th century a new high Gothic spire was built for St.
There are 84 subdistricts in Tallinn. == Demographics == The population of Tallinn on 1 January 2020 was 437,619. According to Eurostat, in 2004 Tallinn had one of the largest number of non-EU nationals of all EU member states' capital cities with Russians forming a significant minority (~34% belong to the Russian ethnic group, but a majority now hold Estonian citizenship).
In 2008, the GDP per capita of Tallinn stood at 172% of the Estonian average. === Information technology === In addition to longtime functions as seaport and capital city, Tallinn has seen development of an information technology sector; in its 13 December 2005, edition, The New York Times characterised Estonia as "a sort of Silicon Valley on the Baltic Sea".
It is home to the NATO Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence. In 2007 Tallinn was listed among the top ten digital cities in the world.
In 2008, the GDP per capita of Tallinn stood at 172% of the Estonian average. === Information technology === In addition to longtime functions as seaport and capital city, Tallinn has seen development of an information technology sector; in its 13 December 2005, edition, The New York Times characterised Estonia as "a sort of Silicon Valley on the Baltic Sea".
In 2009, ethnic Estonians made up about 55,2% of Tallinn's population.
Tallinners made up about 29,7% of Estonia's population in 2009.
In 2009, Tallinn's ethnic Estonian residents made up 23,9% (219,900) of all ethnic Estonians residing in Estonia.
In 2009, Tallinn's non-Estonian residents, mainly Russians, made up 42,7% (178,694) of all non-Estonians residing in Estonia.
The city was a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with Turku in Finland. == Etymology == === Historical names === In 1154, a town called قلون (Qlwn or Qalaven, possibly derivations of Kalevan or Kolyvan) was put on the world map of the Almoravid by the Arab cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi, who described it as "a small town like a large castle" among the towns of 'Astlanda'.
In 2011, 206,490 (50.1%) spoke Estonian as their native language and 192,199 (46.7%) spoke Russian as their native language.
From year 2011 regular cruise turnarounds in cooperation with Tallinn Airport are organised. The Tallinn Card is a time-limited ticket to visitors.
Most of the visitors come from Europe, though Tallinn has also become increasingly visited by tourists from Russia and the Asia-Pacific region. Tallinn Passenger Port is one of the busiest cruise destinations on the Baltic Sea, serving more than 520,000 cruise passengers in 2013.
New city districts that were meant to accommodate immigrants were built in Tallinn (Mustamäe, Lasnamäe, Väike-Õismäe, Pelguranna), most of which are the biggest city districts to this day. Estonians made up about 80% of Tallinn's population before World War II, but make up only 49% in 2019.
The all time smallest share occurred in 1988 when only 47% of Tallinners were ethnic Estonians, not far from 2019.
Located in the northern part of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, it has a population of 437,619 in 2020.
There are 84 subdistricts in Tallinn. == Demographics == The population of Tallinn on 1 January 2020 was 437,619. According to Eurostat, in 2004 Tallinn had one of the largest number of non-EU nationals of all EU member states' capital cities with Russians forming a significant minority (~34% belong to the Russian ethnic group, but a majority now hold Estonian citizenship).
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