Former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern did not use it as a residence, but his successor Brian Cowen used it occasionally. ===Salute=== "Mór Chluana" ("More of Cloyne") is a traditional air collected by Patrick Weston Joyce in 1873.
"Amhrán Dóchais" ("Song of Hope") is a poem written by Osborn Bergin in 1913.
The office replaced the position of President of the Executive Council of the 1922–1937 Irish Free State. The positions of Taoiseach and President of the Executive Council differed in certain fundamental respects.
Cosgrave of Cumann na nGaedheal from 1922 to 1932, and then by Éamon de Valera of Fianna Fáil from 1932 to 1937.
Cosgrave of Cumann na nGaedheal from 1922 to 1932, and then by Éamon de Valera of Fianna Fáil from 1932 to 1937.
The office is appointed by the president of Ireland upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas, Ireland's national legislature) and must retain the support of a majority in the Dáil to remain in office. The Irish word "taoiseach" means "chief" or "leader", and was adopted in the 1937 Constitution of Ireland as the title of the "head of the Government or Prime Minister".
Although Éamon de Valera, who introduced the title in 1937, was neither a Fascist nor a dictator, it has sometimes been remarked that the meaning leader in 1937 made the title similar to the titles of Fascist dictators of the time, such as Führer (Hitler), Duce (Mussolini) and Caudillo (Franco).
The proposed amendment was defeated on a vote and "Taoiseach" was included as the title ultimately adopted by plebiscite of the people. ===Modern office=== The modern position of Taoiseach was established by the 1937 Constitution of Ireland and is the most powerful role in Irish politics.
The President of the Executive Council also did not have the right to advise the Governor-General to dissolve Dáil Éireann on his own authority, that power belonging collectively to the Executive Council. In contrast, the Taoiseach created in 1937 possesses a much more powerful role.
In 2011 Taoiseach Brian Cowen, resigned as party leader and was succeeded by Micheál Martin, but continued as Taoiseach until the formation of a new government following a general election. ==List of office holders== Before the enactment of the 1937 Constitution, the head of government was the President of the Executive Council.
Cosgrave of Cumann na nGaedheal from 1922 to 1932, and then by Éamon de Valera of Fianna Fáil from 1932 to 1937.
To date, no president has exercised this prerogative, although the option arose in 1944 and 1994, and twice in 1982.
To date, no president has exercised this prerogative, although the option arose in 1944 and 1994, and twice in 1982.
To date, no president has exercised this prerogative, although the option arose in 1944 and 1994, and twice in 1982.
The house, which forms part of the Farmleigh estate acquired by the State in 1999 for €29.2m, was renovated at a cost of nearly €600,000 in 2005 by the Office of Public Works.
The house, which forms part of the Farmleigh estate acquired by the State in 1999 for €29.2m, was renovated at a cost of nearly €600,000 in 2005 by the Office of Public Works.
It was cut from €214,187 to €200,000 when Enda Kenny took office, before being cut further to €185,350 under the Haddington Road Agreement in 2013. A proposed increase of €38,000 in 2007 was deferred when Brian Cowen became Taoiseach and in October 2008, the government announced a 10% salary cut for all ministers, including the Taoiseach.
It was cut from €214,187 to €200,000 when Enda Kenny took office, before being cut further to €185,350 under the Haddington Road Agreement in 2013. A proposed increase of €38,000 in 2007 was deferred when Brian Cowen became Taoiseach and in October 2008, the government announced a 10% salary cut for all ministers, including the Taoiseach.
In 2008 it was reported speculatively that the former Steward's Lodge at Farmleigh adjoining the Phoenix Park would become the official residence of the Taoiseach; however no official statements were made nor any action taken.
This courted controversy in December 2009 when a salary cut of 20% was based on the higher figure before the refused amount was deducted.
In 2011 Taoiseach Brian Cowen, resigned as party leader and was succeeded by Micheál Martin, but continued as Taoiseach until the formation of a new government following a general election. ==List of office holders== Before the enactment of the 1937 Constitution, the head of government was the President of the Executive Council.
There is a chapter by Eoin O'Malley on the Taoiseach and cabinet in Governing Ireland: From cabinet government to delegated governance (Eoin O'Malley and Muiris MacCarthaigh eds.) Dublin: IPA 2012. "David Gwynn Morgan: What exactly is a caretaker taoiseach?", The Irish Times, 8 March 2016 ===Biographies=== Some biographies of former Taoisigh and presidents of the Executive Council: Tim Pat Coogan, Éamon de Valera John Horgan, Seán Lemass Brian Farrell, Seán Lemass T.
The Taoiseach is assisted by one or more Ministers of State at the Department of the Taoiseach, one of whom is the Government Chief Whip. ===Salary=== Since 2013, the Taoiseach's annual salary is €185,350.
It was cut from €214,187 to €200,000 when Enda Kenny took office, before being cut further to €185,350 under the Haddington Road Agreement in 2013. A proposed increase of €38,000 in 2007 was deferred when Brian Cowen became Taoiseach and in October 2008, the government announced a 10% salary cut for all ministers, including the Taoiseach.
There is a chapter by Eoin O'Malley on the Taoiseach and cabinet in Governing Ireland: From cabinet government to delegated governance (Eoin O'Malley and Muiris MacCarthaigh eds.) Dublin: IPA 2012. "David Gwynn Morgan: What exactly is a caretaker taoiseach?", The Irish Times, 8 March 2016 ===Biographies=== Some biographies of former Taoisigh and presidents of the Executive Council: Tim Pat Coogan, Éamon de Valera John Horgan, Seán Lemass Brian Farrell, Seán Lemass T.
The longer Irish form, "an Taoiseach", is sometimes used in English instead of "the Taoiseach". The current Taoiseach is Micheál Martin TD, leader of Fianna Fáil, who took office on 27 June 2020 following a coalition agreement between Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and the Green Party. ==Overview== Under the Constitution of Ireland, the Taoiseach is nominated by a simple majority of the voting members of Dáil Éireann.
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