Davies had already used the term "Matrix" fifteen years earlier for a similar concept in his 1969 novel The White Room ("It had been tried in the States some years earlier, but their 'matrix' as they called it hadn't been strong enough to hold the fictional character in place").
As in the film, the Matrix of that series (introduced in the 1976 serial The Deadly Assassin) is a massive computer system which one enters using a device connecting to the head, allowing users to see representations of the real world and change its laws of physics; but if killed there, they will die in reality.
Dick's 1977 conference, in which he stated: "We are living in a computer-programmed reality, and the only clue we have to it is when some variable is changed, and some alteration in our reality occurs". === Philosophy === It has been suggested by philosopher William Irwin that the idea of the "Matrix" – a generated reality invented by malicious machines – is an allusion to Descartes' "First Meditation", and his idea of an evil demon.
The same premise can be found in Hilary Putnam's brain in a vat scenario proposed in the 1980s.
He stated that since Ghost in the Shell had gained recognition in America, the Wachowskis used it as a "promotional tool". === Literary works === In The Matrix, a copy of Jean Baudrillard's philosophical work Simulacra and Simulation, which was published in French in 1981, is visible on-screen as "the book used to conceal disks", and Morpheus quotes the phrase "desert of the real" from it.
Comparisons have also been made between The Matrix and the books of Carlos Castaneda. The Matrix belongs to the cyberpunk genre of science fiction, and draws from earlier works in the genre such as the 1984 novel Neuromancer by William Gibson.
They can be seen in Welcome to Paradox Episode 4 "News from D Street" from a 1986 short story of the same name by Andrew Weiner which aired on September 7, 1998 on the SYFY Channel and has a remarkably similar concept.
It was possibly the coolest film I had ever seen." Quentin Tarantino counted The Matrix as one of his twenty favorite movies from 1992 to 2009.
This is a cool thing because it's an excellent reminder that art is never static." She spoke in 2020 about the movie as an allegory for transgender identity, and compromises they'd had to make at the time. == Production == === Development === In 1994, the Wachowskis presented the script for the film Assassins to Warner Bros.
The martial arts sequences were inspired by Fist of Legend, a critically acclaimed 1995 martial arts film starring Jet Li.
Director Mamoru Oshii's 1995 animated film Ghost in the Shell was a particularly strong influence; producer Joel Silver has stated that the Wachowskis first described their intentions for The Matrix by showing him that anime and saying, "We wanna do that for real".
The portrayal resembles the opening credits of the 1995 Japanese cyberpunk film, Ghost in the Shell, which had a strong influence on the Matrix series.
Pantoliano had worked with the Wachowskis prior to appearing in The Matrix, starring in their 1996 film Bound. Marcus Chong as Tank: The "operator" of the Nebuchadnezzar and Dozer's brother; they are both "natural" (as opposed to bred) humans born outside the Matrix. Anthony Ray Parker as Dozer: Pilot of the Nebuchadnezzar.
Using this momentum, they later asked to direct The Matrix. In 1996 the Wachowskis pitched the role of Neo to Will Smith.
In early 1997, the Wachowskis had Reeves read Simulacra and Simulation, Kevin Kelly's The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World, and Dylan Evans's ideas on evolutionary psychology even before they opened up the script, and eventually he was able to explain all the philosophical nuances involved.
The Wachowskis first scheduled four months for training, beginning in October 1997.
They can be seen in Welcome to Paradox Episode 4 "News from D Street" from a 1986 short story of the same name by Andrew Weiner which aired on September 7, 1998 on the SYFY Channel and has a remarkably similar concept.
Filming began in March 1998 and wrapped in August 1998; principal photography took 118 days. Due to Reeves' neck injury, some of the action scenes had to be rescheduled to wait for his full recovery.
The Matrix is a 1999 American science fiction action film written and directed by the Wachowskis, and produced by Joel Silver.
While some critics have praised the film for its handling of difficult subjects, others have said the deeper themes are largely overshadowed by its action scenes. The Matrix was first released in the United States on March 31, 1999, and grossed over worldwide.
After humans blocked the machines' access to solar energy, the machines responded by capturing humans and harvesting their bioelectric power, while keeping their minds pacified in the Matrix, a shared simulated reality modeled after the world as it was in 1999.
Entire crops [of people] were lost." The machines had to amend their choice of programming in order to make people subservient to them, and so they conceived the Matrix in the image of the world in 1999.
The world in 1999 was far from a utopia, but still humans accepted this over the suffering-less utopia.
The code received the Runner-up Award in the 1999 Jesse Garson Award for In-film typography or opening credit sequence. The Matrix's production designer, Owen Paterson, used methods to distinguish the "real world" and the Matrix in a pervasive way.
In North America, it became the fifth highest-grossing film of 1999 and the highest-grossing R-rated film of that year.
In 2012, it was placed 122nd on the list of highest-grossing films of all time, and the second highest-grossing film in the Matrix franchise after The Matrix Reloaded ($742.1 million). === Home media === The Matrix was released on Laserdisc in its original aspect ratio of 1 on September 21, 1999 in the US from Warner Home Video as well as in a cropped 1.33:1 aspect ratio in Hong Kong from ERA Home Entertainment.
It was also released on VHS in both fullscreen and widescreen formats followed on , 1999.
In 1999, it won Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film and Best Direction. ===Awards and nominations=== == Legacy == ===Filmmaking=== Following The Matrix, films made abundant use of slow-motion, spinning cameras, and, often, the bullet time effect of a character freezing or slowing down and the camera dollying around them.
The Wachowskis have described Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey as a formative cinematic influence, and as a major inspiration on the visual style they aimed for when making The Matrix.
Adam Sternbergh of Vulture.com credits The Matrix with reinventing and setting the template for modern superhero blockbusters, and inspiring the superhero renaissance in the early 21st century. ===Modern reception=== In 2001, The Matrix placed 66th in the American Film Institute's "100 Years...100 Thrills" list.
Also, the film's lobby shootout sequence was recreated in the 2002 Indian action comedy Awara Paagal Deewana. ===Choreographers and actors=== The Matrix had a strong effect on action filmmaking in Hollywood.
The film's success led to two feature film sequels being released in 2003, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, which were also written and directed by the Wachowskis, and produced by Joel Silver.
By , 2003, one month after The Matrix Reloaded DVD was released, the sales of The Matrix DVD had exceeded 30 million copies.
These were filmed back-to-back in one shoot and released on separate dates in 2003.
The Ultimate Matrix Collection was released on HD DVD on , 2007 and on Blu-ray on , 2008.
In 2007, Entertainment Weekly called The Matrix the best science-fiction piece of media for the past 25 years.
The Ultimate Matrix Collection was released on HD DVD on , 2007 and on Blu-ray on , 2008.
The film was also released standalone in a 10th anniversary edition Blu-ray in the Digibook format on , 2009, 10 years to the day after the film was released theatrically.
It was possibly the coolest film I had ever seen." Quentin Tarantino counted The Matrix as one of his twenty favorite movies from 1992 to 2009.
In 2009, the film was ranked 39th on Empire's reader-, actor- and critic-voted list of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time".
In 2010, the film had another DVD release along with the two sequels as The Complete Matrix Trilogy.
Comparisons have also been made to Grant Morrison's comic series The Invisibles, with Morrison describing it in 2011 as "(it) seemed to me (to be) my own combination of ideas enacted on the screen".
The Matrix was voted as the fourth best sci-fi film in the 2011 list The Greatest Movies of Our Time, based on a poll conducted by ABC and People.
The film is considered to be among the best science fiction films of all time, and was added to the National Film Registry for preservation in 2012.
In 2012, it was placed 122nd on the list of highest-grossing films of all time, and the second highest-grossing film in the Matrix franchise after The Matrix Reloaded ($742.1 million). === Home media === The Matrix was released on Laserdisc in its original aspect ratio of 1 on September 21, 1999 in the US from Warner Home Video as well as in a cropped 1.33:1 aspect ratio in Hong Kong from ERA Home Entertainment.
It ranked 323rd among critics, and 546th among directors, in the 2012 Sight & Sound polls of the greatest films ever made. Philip Strick commented in Sight & Sound, if the Wachowskis "claim no originality of message, they are startling innovators of method," praising the film's details and its "broadside of astonishing images".
In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant." ===Sequels and adaptations=== The film's mainstream success led to the making of two sequels, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, both directed by the Wachowskis.
In a 2016 GLAAD Media Awards speech, Lilly Wachowski said "There’s a critical eye being cast back on Lana and I's work through the lens of our transness.
In a 2017 interview at CNET, he attributed the design to his wife, who is from Japan, and added, "I like to tell everybody that The Matrix's code is made out of Japanese sushi recipes".
The Animatrix was overseen and approved by the Wachowskis, who only wrote four of the segments themselves but did not direct any of them; much of the project was developed by notable figures from the world of anime. In March 2017, Warner Bros.
It was also released on 4K HDR Blu-ray on May 22, 2018.
On August 20, 2019, Warner Bros.
This is a cool thing because it's an excellent reminder that art is never static." She spoke in 2020 about the movie as an allegory for transgender identity, and compromises they'd had to make at the time. == Production == === Development === In 1994, the Wachowskis presented the script for the film Assassins to Warner Bros.
A fourth film is scheduled for release on December 22, 2021. == Plot == At an abandoned hotel within a major city, a police squad corners Trinity, who overpowers them with her superhuman abilities.
All text is taken from Wikipedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License .
Page generated on 2021-08-05