Thomas Brackett Reed (October 18, 1839 – December 7, 1902), was an American politician from the state of Maine.
He opposed the Spanish–American War and resigned from Congress in 1899. ==Personal life and early career== Reed was born in Portland, Maine on October 18, 1839 to Matilda Prince (Mitchell) and Thomas B.
Reed attended public schools, including Portland High School, before attending Bowdoin College, from which he graduated in 1860. Afterward, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1865.
He was an acting assistant paymaster for the United States Navy during the Civil War, from April 1864 to November 1865.
Reed attended public schools, including Portland High School, before attending Bowdoin College, from which he graduated in 1860. Afterward, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1865.
He was an acting assistant paymaster for the United States Navy during the Civil War, from April 1864 to November 1865.
He practiced in Portland and was elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 1868 and 1869.
He practiced in Portland and was elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 1868 and 1869.
He served in the Maine Senate in 1870 but left to serve as the state's Attorney General from 1870 to 1872.
They married in 1871.
He served in the Maine Senate in 1870 but left to serve as the state's Attorney General from 1870 to 1872.
Reed became city solicitor of Portland from 1874 to 1877 before being elected as a Republican to the 45th Congress in 1876. He married Susan P.
A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives 12 times, first in 1876, and served as Speaker of the House, from 1889 to 1891 and again from 1895 to 1899. Occasionally ridiculed as "Czar Reed", he had great influence over the agenda and operations of the House, more so than any previous speaker.
Reed became city solicitor of Portland from 1874 to 1877 before being elected as a Republican to the 45th Congress in 1876. He married Susan P.
Reed was a member of the social circle that included intellectuals and politicians Henry Cabot Lodge, Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Adams, John Hay and Mark Twain. As a House freshman, Reed was appointed to the Potter Commission, which was to investigate voting irregularities in the presidential election of 1876, where his skill at cross examination forced Democrat Samuel J.
Reed became city solicitor of Portland from 1874 to 1877 before being elected as a Republican to the 45th Congress in 1876. He married Susan P.
A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives 12 times, first in 1876, and served as Speaker of the House, from 1889 to 1891 and again from 1895 to 1899. Occasionally ridiculed as "Czar Reed", he had great influence over the agenda and operations of the House, more so than any previous speaker.
Reed served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1889 to 1891 and then from 1895 to 1899, as well as being Chairman of the powerful Rules Committee. ====Rules==== During his time as Speaker, Reed assiduously and dramatically increased the power of the Speaker over the House; although the power of the Speaker had always waxed (most notably during Henry Clay's tenure) and waned, the position had previously commanded influence rather than outright power.
Though Democrats reinstated the disappearing quorum when they took control of the House the following year, Reed as minority leader proved so adroit at using the tactic against them that Democrats reinstated Reed Rules in 1894. ====Civil rights==== In 1889 and 1890, Republicans undertook one last stand in favor of federal enforcement of the Fifteenth Amendment to protect the voting rights of blacks in the Solid South.
Though Democrats reinstated the disappearing quorum when they took control of the House the following year, Reed as minority leader proved so adroit at using the tactic against them that Democrats reinstated Reed Rules in 1894. ====Civil rights==== In 1889 and 1890, Republicans undertook one last stand in favor of federal enforcement of the Fifteenth Amendment to protect the voting rights of blacks in the Solid South.
Using his new rules vigorously, he won passage of the Lodge Bill in the House in 1890.
A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives 12 times, first in 1876, and served as Speaker of the House, from 1889 to 1891 and again from 1895 to 1899. Occasionally ridiculed as "Czar Reed", he had great influence over the agenda and operations of the House, more so than any previous speaker.
Reed served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1889 to 1891 and then from 1895 to 1899, as well as being Chairman of the powerful Rules Committee. ====Rules==== During his time as Speaker, Reed assiduously and dramatically increased the power of the Speaker over the House; although the power of the Speaker had always waxed (most notably during Henry Clay's tenure) and waned, the position had previously commanded influence rather than outright power.
Though Democrats reinstated the disappearing quorum when they took control of the House the following year, Reed as minority leader proved so adroit at using the tactic against them that Democrats reinstated Reed Rules in 1894. ====Civil rights==== In 1889 and 1890, Republicans undertook one last stand in favor of federal enforcement of the Fifteenth Amendment to protect the voting rights of blacks in the Solid South.
His last home in Portland has been designated a National Historic Landmark in his honor. In 1894, he published his handbook on parliamentary procedure, titled Reed's Rules: A Manual of General Parliamentary Law, which was, at the time, a very popular text on the subject and is still in use in the legislature of the State of Washington. ==Biographies== Biographies of the life of Thomas Brackett Reed have been written by Samuel McCall (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1914), William A.
A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives 12 times, first in 1876, and served as Speaker of the House, from 1889 to 1891 and again from 1895 to 1899. Occasionally ridiculed as "Czar Reed", he had great influence over the agenda and operations of the House, more so than any previous speaker.
Reed served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1889 to 1891 and then from 1895 to 1899, as well as being Chairman of the powerful Rules Committee. ====Rules==== During his time as Speaker, Reed assiduously and dramatically increased the power of the Speaker over the House; although the power of the Speaker had always waxed (most notably during Henry Clay's tenure) and waned, the position had previously commanded influence rather than outright power.
The bill was later defeated in a filibuster in the Senate when Silver Republicans in the West traded it away for the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. ==End of political career and death== Reed sought the Republican nomination for President in 1896, but Mark Hanna secured the nomination for Ohio Governor William McKinley. In 1898, Reed joined McKinley in efforts to head off war with Spain.
The bill was later defeated in a filibuster in the Senate when Silver Republicans in the West traded it away for the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. ==End of political career and death== Reed sought the Republican nomination for President in 1896, but Mark Hanna secured the nomination for Ohio Governor William McKinley. In 1898, Reed joined McKinley in efforts to head off war with Spain.
A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives 12 times, first in 1876, and served as Speaker of the House, from 1889 to 1891 and again from 1895 to 1899. Occasionally ridiculed as "Czar Reed", he had great influence over the agenda and operations of the House, more so than any previous speaker.
He opposed the Spanish–American War and resigned from Congress in 1899. ==Personal life and early career== Reed was born in Portland, Maine on October 18, 1839 to Matilda Prince (Mitchell) and Thomas B.
Reed served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1889 to 1891 and then from 1895 to 1899, as well as being Chairman of the powerful Rules Committee. ====Rules==== During his time as Speaker, Reed assiduously and dramatically increased the power of the Speaker over the House; although the power of the Speaker had always waxed (most notably during Henry Clay's tenure) and waned, the position had previously commanded influence rather than outright power.
When McKinley switched to supporting the war, Reed, refusing to change his position, opposed him and then resigned from both the speakership and his seat in Congress in 1899, returning to private law practice. In early December 1902, Reed was in Washington on legal business with the United States Supreme Court.
Thomas Brackett Reed (October 18, 1839 – December 7, 1902), was an American politician from the state of Maine.
When McKinley switched to supporting the war, Reed, refusing to change his position, opposed him and then resigned from both the speakership and his seat in Congress in 1899, returning to private law practice. In early December 1902, Reed was in Washington on legal business with the United States Supreme Court.
He left his family an estate of $200,000. His daughter, Katherine Reed Balentine, started a monthly magazine in San Francisco called The Yellow Ribbon, which promoted women's suffrage. ==Landmarks== There is a Reed House at Bowdoin College. His home town of Portland, Maine, erected a statue of him at the corner of Western Promenade and Pine Street in a ceremony on August 31, 1910.
His last home in Portland has been designated a National Historic Landmark in his honor. In 1894, he published his handbook on parliamentary procedure, titled Reed's Rules: A Manual of General Parliamentary Law, which was, at the time, a very popular text on the subject and is still in use in the legislature of the State of Washington. ==Biographies== Biographies of the life of Thomas Brackett Reed have been written by Samuel McCall (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1914), William A.
Robinson (Dodd, Mead & Company, 1930), and Richard Stanley Offenberg (Ph.D.
diss., New York University, 1963).
Hal Williams, Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal, July 1994, Vol.
"Thomas Brackett Reed, Civil Rights, and the Fight for Fair Elections," Maine History, March 2004, Vol.
The War Lovers, Little, Brown and Co, 2010 Valelly, Richard M., “The Reed Rules and Republican Party Building A New Look,” Studies in American Political Development, 23 (Oct.
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