An online anthology of historical texts dealing with Gibraltar from 1720 to 1890. A history of the political evolution of Gibraltar from the 19th century to 2000. 'The mongrel race called rock scorpions': the negation of Gibraltarian identity and the politics of contempt.
Spain attempted to retake Gibraltar in 1727 and most notably in 1779, when it entered the American Revolutionary War on the American side as an ally of France. 1704 7 August.
In 1754 the population settled at around 6,000 people, with the garrison and their dependants constituting about three-quarters of it.
Such stone gave the walls their present white appearance. The successful resistance in the Great Siege is attributed to several factors: the improvement in fortifications by Colonel (later General Sir) William Green in 1769; the British naval supremacy, which translated into support of the Navy; the competent command by General George Augustus Elliot; and an appropriately sized garrison.
Spain attempted to retake Gibraltar in 1727 and most notably in 1779, when it entered the American Revolutionary War on the American side as an ally of France. 1704 7 August.
Despite some military attempts by the Spanish to retake it in the 18th century, most notably in the Great Siege of 1779–1783, the Rock has remained under British control ever since. In that treaty, Spain ceded Great Britain "the full and entire propriety of the town and castle of Gibraltar, together with the port, fortifications, and forts thereunto belonging ...
The Treaties of Versailles which ceded Menorca and Florida to Spain, reaffirmed previous treaties in the rest of issues, thus not affecting to Gibraltar. In 1782, work on the Great Siege Tunnels started.
Since 1840 the vicar has always been the Bishop of Gibraltar. 1810 – Britain and Spain became allies against Napoleon. 1810 February – The Governor of Gibraltar removed the Spanish forts of San Felipe and Santa Barbara, located on the northern boundary of the neutral ground.
Spanish authors from 1840 have usually favoured theory (b) while British ones have supported (c).
A Neanderthal skull was discovered in Forbes' Quarry in 1848, prior to the "original" discovery in the Neander Valley.
An online anthology of historical texts dealing with Gibraltar from 1720 to 1890. A history of the political evolution of Gibraltar from the 19th century to 2000. 'The mongrel race called rock scorpions': the negation of Gibraltarian identity and the politics of contempt.
In 1926, the skull of a Neanderthal child was found in Devil's Tower. Mousterian deposits found at Gorham's Cave, which are associated with Neanderthals in Europe, have been dated to as recently as 28,000 to 24,000 BP, leading to suggestions that Gibraltar was one of the last places of Neanderthal habitation.
In May 1937, HMS Arethusa had to tow HMS Hunter into port after Hunter hit a mine off Almeria that killed and wounded several British sailors.
In June 1937, the German pocket battleship Deutschland arrived in Gibraltar with dead and wounded after Republican planes bombed it in Ibiza in retaliation for the Condor Legion's bombing of Guernica.
First elections held in Gibraltar. 1936–1939 – After the United Kingdom recognised the Franco's regime in 1938, Gibraltar had two Spanish Consulates, a Republican one and a Nationalistic one.
In August 1938, the Republican destroyer Jose Luis Diez took refuge in Gibraltar after taking casualties from the guns of the National cruiser Canarias.
The one incident that resulted in the death of Gibraltarians occurred on 31 January 1938 when the insurgent submarine General Sanjurjo sank the SS Endymion, a small Gibraltar-registered freighter taking a cargo of coal to Cartagena, which was chartered by the Republican government.
Initially, in May 1940, 16,700 people went to French Morocco.
However, after the French-German Armistice and the subsequent destruction of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kebir, Algeria by the British Navy in July 1940, the French-Moroccan authorities asked all Gibraltarian evacuees to be removed.
The repatriation of the civilians started in 1944 and proceeded until 1951, causing considerable suffering and frustration.
The repatriation of the civilians started in 1944 and proceeded until 1951, causing considerable suffering and frustration.
By the 1960s, motor vehicles were being restricted or banned from crossing the border, while only Spanish nationals employed on the Rock being allowed to enter Gibraltar. 1955 – At the United Nations, Spain, which had just been admitted to membership, initiated a claim to the territory, arguing that the principle of territorial integrity, not self-determination, applied in the case of the decolonization of Gibraltar, and that the United Kingdom should cede sovereignty of the Rock to Spain.
Documentos presentados a las Cortes Españolas por el Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores", Madrid, 1967) 1967 – The first sovereignty referendum was held on 10 September, in which Gibraltar's voters were asked whether they wished to either pass under Spanish sovereignty, or remain under British sovereignty, with institutions of self-government.
Things quickly calmed down, although today the term retains a negative meaning in Gibraltar politics. 1969 30 May – A new constitution for Gibraltar was introduced by the United Kingdom Parliament, under the initiative of the British Government (Gibraltar Constitution Order 1969).
Britain agrees to pay uprated pensions to those Spanish citizens who lost their livelihoods when the border was unilaterally closed by Francisco Franco in 1969. 5.
The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar remains Anglican Cathedral for the Diocese. 1981 – The British Nationality Act 1981 effectively made Gibraltar a Dependent Territory and removed the right of entry into the UK of British Dependent Territory Citizens.
The act was ratified in 1983. 1982 15 December – The re-opening of the border was initially delayed due to the war between the United Kingdom and Argentina over the Falkland Islands.
This act granted full British citizenship to British Overseas Territories, which was already available to Gibraltarians since 1983. 2004 August – Gibraltar celebrated 300 years of British rule.
Under the Brussels Agreement (27 November 1984) signed between the governments of the United Kingdom and Spain, the former agreed to enter into discussions with Spain over Gibraltar, including by first time the "issues" of sovereignty.
Restrictions on the land border continued until 2006, although there are still occasionally issues related to the crossing. 1984 – Spain applied to join the European Community, succeeding in 1986.
On the other hand, even the British or the Gibraltarians sometimes date the beginning of British sovereignty in 1704 (for instance, in its speech at the United Nations in 1994, the Gibraltar Chief Minister at the time, Joe Bossano, stated that Gibraltar has been a British colony ever since it was taken by Britain in 1704).
An online anthology of historical texts dealing with Gibraltar from 1720 to 1890. A history of the political evolution of Gibraltar from the 19th century to 2000. 'The mongrel race called rock scorpions': the negation of Gibraltarian identity and the politics of contempt.
In addition, identity documents issued by the Government of Gibraltar now featured the words 'United Kingdom'. 2000 May – 2001 May – Following an incident at sea the nuclear submarine HMS Tireless (S88) was repaired in Gibraltar causing diplomatic tension with Spain.
The proposals remained secret until 2002. 1972 – Joshua Hassan of the Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (AACR) was returned to power.
There were 89 papers spoilt of which 72 were blank 18,087 of which 187 Voted YES, and 17,900 voted NO. The Referendum was supervised by a team of international observers headed by the Labour MP Gerald Kaufman, who certified that it had been held fairly, freely and democratically. 2002 – The British Overseas Territories Act 2002 made provision for the renaming of British Dependent Territories as British Overseas Territories, which changed the status of Gibraltar to an Overseas Territory.
A statue to Sir George Rooke was erected in 2004 as part of the tercentenary celebrations. 1704 4–7 August.
Restrictions on the land border continued until 2006, although there are still occasionally issues related to the crossing. 1984 – Spain applied to join the European Community, succeeding in 1986.
The service was later reduced in frequency and terminated in September 2008. 2007 10 February — Spain lifted restrictions on Gibraltar's ability to expand and modernise its telecommunications infrastructure.
The Committee agreed that the Question of Gibraltar would be discussed again next year. 2008 22 September – It was announced that the remaining Iberia flights to Madrid would cease operation at the end of September 2008 due to "economic reasons", namely, lack of demand. 2008 10 October – The bulk carrier MV Fedra ran aground on rocks at Europa Point, and broke in two.
The proposals are opposed by the Spanish Government and the Gibraltar government has dismissed concerns. 2011 GSLP / Liberal Alliance returned to power in the 2011 General Election, bringing to an end 15 years of GSD Government.
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