In 1948, philosopher of science Karl Popper suggested that there should be a "rational theory of tradition" applied to science which was fundamentally sociological.
For example, the term "traditionalist Catholic" refers to those, such as Archbishop Lefebvre, who want the worship and practices of the Church to be as they were before the Second Vatican Council of 1962–65.
In the 1970s and 1980s, Edward Shils explored the concept in detail.
For Thomas Kuhn, who presented his thoughts in a paper presented in 1977, a sense of such a critical inheritance of tradition is, historically, what sets apart the best scientists who change their fields is an embracement of tradition. Traditions are a subject of study in several academic fields in social sciences—chiefly anthropology, archaeology, and biology—with somewhat different meanings in different fields.
In the 1970s and 1980s, Edward Shils explored the concept in detail.
Early theories positing the simple, unilineal evolution of societies from traditional to industrial model are now seen as too simplistic. In 1981 Edward Shils in his book Tradition put forward a definition of tradition that became universally accepted.
It is also related to the works of Max Weber (see theories of rationality), and were popularized and redefined in 1992 by Raymond Boudon in his book Action.
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