The Government of West Bengal is working on an amendment to this bill to avoid the loopholes that were exposed when the Hand-pulled Rickshaw Owners' Association filed a petition against the bill. === Cycle rickshaws === Cycle rickshaws were introduced in India in the 1940s.
There were 47.5 million powered two-wheelers in India in 2003 compared with just 8.6 million cars. Manufacture of motorcycles in India started when Royal Enfield began assembly in its plant in Chennai in 1948.
Hero MotoCorp (formerly Hero Honda), Honda, Bajaj Auto, Yamaha, TVS Motors and Mahindra 2 Wheelers are the largest two-wheeler companies in terms of market-share. Manufacture of scooters in India started when Automobile Products of India (API) set up at Mumbai and incorporated in 1949.
They eventually acquired a licence for the Li150 series model, of which they began full-fledged production from the early 1960s onwards.
In 1972, Scooters India Limited (SIL), a state-run enterprise based in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, bought the entire manufacturing rights of the last Innocenti Lambretta model.
In 1990s, all government state transport corporations have introduced various facilities like low-floor buses for the disabled and air-conditioned buses to attract private car owners to help decongest roads. In 2010, the Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System won the prestigious Sustainable Transport Award from the Transportation Research Board in Washington.
Mumbai introduced air conditioned buses in 1998.
SIL stopped producing scooters in 1998. Motorcycles and scooters can be rented in many cities, Wicked Ride, Metro Bikes and many other companies are working with state governments to solve last-mile connectivity problems with mass-transit solutions.
In the late 2000s, they were banned in several cities for causing traffic congestion.
In recent years construction has commenced on a nationwide system of multi-lane highways, including the Golden Quadrilateral connecting four important metropolitan cities of India (Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai) and North-South and East-West Corridors which link the largest cities in India. In 2000, around 40% of villages in India lacked access to all-weather roads and remained isolated during the monsoon season.
To improve rural connectivity, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (Prime Minister's Rural Road Program), a project funded by the Central Government with the help of the World Bank, was launched in 2000 to build all-weather roads to connect all habitations with a population of 500 or above (250 or above for hilly areas). === Bus === Buses are an important means of public transport in India.
API has infrastructural facilities at Mumbai, Aurangabad, and Chennai, but has been non-operational since 2002.
The number of automobiles produced in India rose from 6.3 million in 2002–2003 to 11 million (11.2 million) in 2008–2009.
There were 47.5 million powered two-wheelers in India in 2003 compared with just 8.6 million cars. Manufacture of motorcycles in India started when Royal Enfield began assembly in its plant in Chennai in 1948.
The Government of West Bengal proposed a ban on these rickshaws in 2005.
Bangalore was the first city in India to introduce Volvo B7RLE intra-city buses in India in January 2005.
Though a bill aiming to address this issue, termed as Calcutta Hackney Carriage Bill, was passed by the West Bengal Assembly in 2006, it has not yet been implemented.
The number of automobiles produced in India rose from 6.3 million in 2002–2003 to 11 million (11.2 million) in 2008–2009.
In 1990s, all government state transport corporations have introduced various facilities like low-floor buses for the disabled and air-conditioned buses to attract private car owners to help decongest roads. In 2010, the Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System won the prestigious Sustainable Transport Award from the Transportation Research Board in Washington.
In total, about 21 percent of households have two wheelers whereas 4.7 percent of households in India have cars or vans as per the 2011 census.
Alongside the public companies there are many private bus fleets: As of 2012, there were 131,800 publicly owned buses in India, but 1,544,700 buses owned by private companies. However, the share of buses is negligible in most Indian cities as compared to personalised vehicles, and two-wheelers and cars account for more than 80 percent of the vehicle population in most large cities. ==== Bus rapid transit systems ==== Bus rapid transit systems (BRTS), exist in several cities.
As of 2013, India has a total of of National Highways, of which are classified as expressways.
Public transport is the primary mode of road transport for most Indian citizens, and India's public transport systems are among the most heavily used in the world. India's road network is the second-largest and one of the busiest in the world, transporting 8.225 billion passengers and over 980 million tonnes of cargo annually, as of 2015.
In addition, environmentalists have supported the retention of cycle rickshaws as a non-polluting mode of transport. == Road == As per 2017 estimates, the total road length in India is ; making the Indian road network the second largest road network in the world after the United States.
India's metropolitan intra-city average traffic vehicle speed in Delhi was 25 km/h (16 mph), in Mumbai was 20.7 km/h (12.9 mph), in Chennai was 18.9 km/h (11.7 mph) and in Kolkata was 19.2 km/h (11.9 mph) as per a study by Ola Cabs, in 2017. Under National Highways Development Project (NHDP), work is under progress to equip national highways with at least four lanes; also there is a plan to convert some stretches of these roads to six lanes.
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