They have been blamed for causing traffic congestion and, consequently, banned from most parts of Jakarta in 1972.
The first expressway in Indonesia is the Jagorawi Toll Road, opened in 1978.
Between 2009 and 2014, the number of Indonesian air passengers increased from 27,421,235 to 94,504,086, an increase of over threefold. However, safety issues continue to be a persistent problem in Indonesian aviation.
Since 2010, it has become the busiest airport in Southeast Asia, surpassing Suvarnabhumi and Changi airports.
ITS Indonesia was formed on 26 April 2011. ===National routes=== Indonesia has about of paved highways and of unpaved highways ( estimate).
Jakarta also has one of the worst traffic jams in the world. Indonesia has been gradually introducing an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) since 2012.
The toll road is formally opened on 23 September 2013, about a week before APEC Summit in Bali is opened. ====Kalimantan==== Samarinda-Balikpapan Toll Road Samarinda-Bontang Toll Road (planned) == Railways == The majority of Indonesia's railways is located on Java, used for both passenger and freight transport.
Plans were also mentioned for its possible extension to Surabaya, the country's second largest city. == Pipelines == As of 2013, Indonesia has pipelines for condensate , condensate/gas , gas , liquid petroleum gas , oil , oil/gas/water , refined products , and water . == Air transport == Air transport in Indonesia serves as a critical means of connecting the thousands of islands throughout the archipelago.
Around 270 million passengers are predicted to fly from and within Indonesia by 2034. ===Airports=== As of 2013, there are 673 airports in Indonesia, 186 of those have paved runways, and 487 have unpaved runways.
As of 2013, there are 76 heliports in Indonesia.
Between 2009 and 2014, the number of Indonesian air passengers increased from 27,421,235 to 94,504,086, an increase of over threefold. However, safety issues continue to be a persistent problem in Indonesian aviation.
In 2015, ground breaking of the strategic North Sumatra's Kuala Tanjung Port has been completed.
There are no railways in other parts of Indonesia, although new networks are being developed on Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. The government's plan to build a high-speed rail (HSR) was announced in 2015, the first in Indonesia and Southeast Asia.
The largest one, Transjakarta system in Jakarta, is the longest bus rapid transit system in the world that boasts some in 13 corridors and 10 cross-corridor routes and carrying 430,000 passengers daily in 2016.
In 2017, it became the 17th busiest airport in the world with 62.1 million passengers. ===Airlines=== In Indonesia, there are 22 commercial scheduled airlines that carry more than 30 passengers, and 32 commercial scheduled airlines that transport 30 or less passengers, as well as chartered airlines.
In 2017 it was estimated that the people that took annual mudik travel reached 33 million people. The demand for train and airplane tickets usually spikes a month or two prior to Lebaran, prompting an unusually higher cost for tickets for highly sought days of departure.
Since 2018, all expressways do not accept any cash tolls; all tolls must be paid with certain contactless bank cards. The high cost of building and maintaining a national highway system means that Indonesia has to outsource the construction and maintenance to private and state-owned companies.
Palembang LRT began operations in 2018, the first of such kind.
The Jakarta MRT and Jakarta LRT began operations in 2019, with the Greater Jakarta LRT system is currently under construction. There are four separate railway networks on Sumatra: one in Aceh, one in North Sumatra (Aceh connection proposed to be finished in 2020s), another in West Sumatra, and the final one in South Sumatra and Lampung.
The Jakarta MRT and Jakarta LRT began operations in 2019, with the Greater Jakarta LRT system is currently under construction. There are four separate railway networks on Sumatra: one in Aceh, one in North Sumatra (Aceh connection proposed to be finished in 2020s), another in West Sumatra, and the final one in South Sumatra and Lampung.
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