For example, in 1902 up to £30,000 a year was being offered to provide ships linking to specified South African ports. The merchant marine was affected by World War 2, but by 1950 the flagged fleet totalled 2,884. ==Air transport== New Zealand's air travel sector is served by 15 airlines.
While many ports reopened after the war, they (and coastal shipping in general) faced huge pressure from rail (presumably now offering improved freight rates compared to the 1910 era). After cabotage was abolished in 1994, international shipping lines became able to undertake coastal shipping as opportune to them on their international routes to New Zealand.
By 1920 AARD covered most of the North Island and even provided transport for the Prince of Wales.
By 1924 the services covered even more areas.
Government has claimed that their priority on roads is in line with New Zealanders' favoured travel modes, and as being the most promising in terms of economic benefits. ===Vehicle fleet=== One of the earliest counts/estimates of motor vehicles in New Zealand had them at 82,000 in 1925.
In the first national vehicle registration of 1925, 99,233 plates were issued.
Aard was taken over by New Zealand Railways Road Services in 1928.
In 1931 156,180 motor-vehicles were registered and those licensed were 298,586 in 1939 and 380,503 in 1950. Just over half of the light passenger vehicles first registered in New Zealand are used imports.
In 1931, the Transport Licensing Act was passed, protecting the railways from competition for fifty years.
This soon increased to 170,000 on the eve of World War II in 1939, continuing to 425,000 in 1953 and increasing to 1,000,000 in 1971.
In 1931 156,180 motor-vehicles were registered and those licensed were 298,586 in 1939 and 380,503 in 1950. Just over half of the light passenger vehicles first registered in New Zealand are used imports.
The first motorway was built in the environs of Wellington and opened in 1950, between Takapu Road and Johnsonville.
Following heavy investment in road construction from the 1950s onwards, public transport patronage fell nationwide.
In 1931 156,180 motor-vehicles were registered and those licensed were 298,586 in 1939 and 380,503 in 1950. Just over half of the light passenger vehicles first registered in New Zealand are used imports.
The national network consists of three main trunk lines, seven secondary main lines and during its peak in the 1950s, around ninety branch lines.
For example, in 1902 up to £30,000 a year was being offered to provide ships linking to specified South African ports. The merchant marine was affected by World War 2, but by 1950 the flagged fleet totalled 2,884. ==Air transport== New Zealand's air travel sector is served by 15 airlines.
This soon increased to 170,000 on the eve of World War II in 1939, continuing to 425,000 in 1953 and increasing to 1,000,000 in 1971.
The move was heavily criticised, amongst others, by the Green Party, and the Maritime Union of New Zealand. ===Ferry services=== Regular roll-on/roll-off ferry services have crossed Cook Strait, linking the North and South Islands between Wellington and Picton, since 1962.
One of these passenger ferries, the Wahine, was lost in a storm as it entered Wellington Harbour on 10 April 1968, with the loss of 51 passengers and crew.
However, manpower was still needed in large amounts, and waterfronts were the hotbeds of the industrial actions of the early 20th century. In the 1970s, containerisation revolutionised shipping, eventually coming to New Zealand as well.
This soon increased to 170,000 on the eve of World War II in 1939, continuing to 425,000 in 1953 and increasing to 1,000,000 in 1971.
The time for river ports had gone however, and most of them disappeared, facing particular pressure from the new rail ferries, In the 1980s, deregulation also involved and heavily changed the port industry, with harbour boards abolished, and replaced by more commercially focused companies.
The Railways Corporation was created in 1983 from the New Zealand Railways Department, and the land transport industry became fully deregulated in 1983. Between 1982 and 1993 the rail industry underwent a major overhaul involving corporatisation, restructuring, downsizing, line and station closures and privatisation.
In 1982, the Department was corporatised as the New Zealand Railways Corporation.
The Railways Corporation was created in 1983 from the New Zealand Railways Department, and the land transport industry became fully deregulated in 1983. Between 1982 and 1993 the rail industry underwent a major overhaul involving corporatisation, restructuring, downsizing, line and station closures and privatisation.
Another former extensive coach business was Mount Cook Landlines, which closed in the 1990s.
The Corporation was split in 1990 between a limited liability operating company, New Zealand Rail Limited, and the Corporation which retained a number of assets to be disposed.
The road fleet of New Zealand Railways Corporation was privatised in 1991 with the long-distance business still existing as InterCity, having more recently incorporated Newmans Coachlines.
In 1991 the Railways Corporation was split up, with New Zealand Rail Limited established to operate the rail and inter-island ferry services and own the rail network, with the parcels and bus services sold to private investors.
The Railways Corporation was created in 1983 from the New Zealand Railways Department, and the land transport industry became fully deregulated in 1983. Between 1982 and 1993 the rail industry underwent a major overhaul involving corporatisation, restructuring, downsizing, line and station closures and privatisation.
In 1993 New Zealand Rail was itself privatised and was listed by its new owners in 1995, and renamed Tranz Rail.
New Zealand Rail was privatised in 1993, and renamed Tranz Rail in 1995.
While many ports reopened after the war, they (and coastal shipping in general) faced huge pressure from rail (presumably now offering improved freight rates compared to the 1910 era). After cabotage was abolished in 1994, international shipping lines became able to undertake coastal shipping as opportune to them on their international routes to New Zealand.
Faster catamaran ferries were used by Tranz Rail and its competitors between 1994 and 2004.
In 1993 New Zealand Rail was itself privatised and was listed by its new owners in 1995, and renamed Tranz Rail.
New Zealand Rail was privatised in 1993, and renamed Tranz Rail in 1995.
In the late 2000s, reports indicated that the rate of drunk driving by under 20s in Auckland had risen 77% in three years, with similar increases in the rest of the country.
In 2001, Tranz Rail's long-distance passenger operations, under the guise of Tranz Scenic, became a separate company; Tranz Rail chose not to bid for the contract to run Auckland's rail services, and the contract was won by Connex (now Transdev Auckland).
The Government agreed to take over control of the national rail network back when Toll Holdings purchased Tranz Rail in 2003, under the auspices of ONTRACK, a division of the Railways Corporation.
Proposals to sell Tranz Rail's Wellington passenger rail services, Tranz Metro, did not come to fruition, although the division became a separate company in July 2003.
In 2003 Tranz Rail was purchased by Australian freight firm Toll Holdings, which renamed the company Toll NZ. The only other significant non-heritage operator is the tourist oriented Dunedin Railways in Otago, which runs regular passenger trains on part of the former Otago Central Railway and some on the Main South Line.
This proposal has been shelved since the takeover by Toll Holdings in 2003. Smaller ferries operate in the Bay of Islands, Rawene (Northland), Auckland, Tauranga, Wellington, the Marlborough Sounds and Lyttelton (Christchurch), and between Bluff and Halfmoon Bay (Stewart Island). A passenger ferry service also operated for many years between Wellington and Lyttelton (the port closest to Christchurch).
Faster catamaran ferries were used by Tranz Rail and its competitors between 1994 and 2004.
This has been described, in Auckland's case, as "one of the most spectacular declines in public transport patronage of any developed city in the world". ===Network=== New Zealand has a state highway network of ( in the North Island and in the South Island, as of August 2006) of which are motorways.
In May 2008 the Government agreed to buy Toll NZ's rail and ferry operations for $665 million, and renamed the operating company KiwiRail. ===Operators and services=== Bulk freights dominate services, particularly coal, logs and wood products, milk and milk products, fertiliser, containers, steel and cars.
This is variously blamed on aggressive driving, insufficient driver training, old and unsafe cars, inferior road design and construction, and a lack of appreciation of the skill and responsibility required to safely operate a motor vehicle. In 2010, 375 'road users' were killed in New Zealand, while 14,031 were injured, with 15- to 24-year-olds the group at highest risk.
The remainder of funding for local city and district roads primarily comes from local authority property rates. As of 2010, transport funding in New Zealand is still heavily biased towards road projects – the National government proposes to spend $21 billion on roading infrastructure after 2012, yet only $0.7 billion on other transport projects (public transport, walking and cycling).
The remainder of funding for local city and district roads primarily comes from local authority property rates. As of 2010, transport funding in New Zealand is still heavily biased towards road projects – the National government proposes to spend $21 billion on roading infrastructure after 2012, yet only $0.7 billion on other transport projects (public transport, walking and cycling).
In 2013 new car registrations were up 7% on 2012 to 82,235 sold, with used vehicle sales up to 98,971. At the 2013 New Zealand census, 92.1 percent of households reported owning at least one car; 37.6 percent reported owning one car, 38.4 percent reported as owning two cars, and 16.1 percent reported owing three or more cars.
In 2013 new car registrations were up 7% on 2012 to 82,235 sold, with used vehicle sales up to 98,971. At the 2013 New Zealand census, 92.1 percent of households reported owning at least one car; 37.6 percent reported owning one car, 38.4 percent reported as owning two cars, and 16.1 percent reported owing three or more cars.
Car ownership was highest in the Tasman Region (95.9 percent) and lowest in the Wellington Region (88.3 percent). In 2015, 3.018 million were light passenger vehicles, 507,000 were light commercial vehicles, 137,000 were heavy trucks, 10,000 were buses and 160,000 were motorcycles and mopeds.
The mean age of a New Zealand car (as of end of 2015) was 14.2 years, with trucks at 17.6 years.
The busiest airport is Auckland, which handled 16,487,648 (9,005,612 international and 7,482,036 domestic) passengers in the year ended December 2015. ====With paved runways==== total: 39 () over : 2 to : 1 to : 12 to : 23 under : 1 ====With unpaved runways==== total: 84 () to : 3 to : 33 under : 48 ===Heliports=== New Zealand has 55 functioning [(and
On 20 April 2020 the company announced that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it mothballed its track and equipment. ===Heritage=== The Federation of Rail Organisations of New Zealand coordinates the work of approximately sixty heritage railways and rail museums.
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