Regular cleaning and maintenance was essential. In particular, the letters/figures cam-cluster balata discs had to be kept lubricated. ==History and development== By the 1920s, the British Government was seeking a replacement for its book code systems, which had been shown to be insecure and which proved to be slow and awkward to use.
In 1926, an inter-departmental committee was formed to consider whether they could be replaced with cipher machines.
Lywood to adapt the commercial Enigma by adding a printing unit but the committee decided against pursuing Lywood's proposal. In August 1934, Lywood began work on a machine authorised by the RAF.
The first prototype was delivered to the Air Ministry on 30 April 1935.
In the [of cryptography], Typex (alternatively, Type X or TypeX) machines were British cipher machines used from 1937.
In early 1937, around 30 Typex Mark I machines were supplied to the RAF.
The machine was initially termed the "RAF Enigma with Type X attachments". The design of its successor had begun by February 1937.
In June 1938, Typex Mark II was demonstrated to the cipher-machine committee, who approved an order of 350 machines.
The Royal Navy decided to adopt the RAF Type X Mark II in 1940 after trials; eight stations already had Type X machines.
The maximum operating speed is around 60 letters a minute, significantly slower than the 300 achievable with the Mark II. Typex Mark VI was another handle-operated variant, measuring × ×, weighing and consisting of over 700 components. Plugboards for the reflector were added to the machine from November 1941. For inter-Allied communications during World War II, the Combined Cipher Machine (CCM) was developed, used in the Royal Navy from November 1943.
The maximum operating speed is around 60 letters a minute, significantly slower than the 300 achievable with the Mark II. Typex Mark VI was another handle-operated variant, measuring × ×, weighing and consisting of over 700 components. Plugboards for the reflector were added to the machine from November 1941. For inter-Allied communications during World War II, the Combined Cipher Machine (CCM) was developed, used in the Royal Navy from November 1943.
New Zealand initially got two machines at a cost of £115 (GBP) each for Auckland and Wellington. From 1943 the Americans and the British agreed upon a Combined Cipher Machine (CCM).
In New Zealand, Typex Mark II and Mark III were superseded by Mark 22 and Mark 23 on 1 January 1950.
The Royal; Air Force used a combination of the Creed Teleprinter and Typex until 1960.
The New Zealand military used TypeX machines until the early 1970s, disposing of its last machine in about 1973. ==Advantages over Enigma== All the versions of the Typex had advantages over the German military versions of the Enigma machine.
The New Zealand military used TypeX machines until the early 1970s, disposing of its last machine in about 1973. ==Advantages over Enigma== All the versions of the Typex had advantages over the German military versions of the Enigma machine.
Deavours and Louis Kruh, "Machine Cryptography and Modern Cryptanalysis", Artech House, 1985, pp. 144–145; 148–150. Ralph Erskine, "The Admiralty and Cipher Machines During the Second World War: Not So Stupid after All".
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