Use of the USB logos on the product requires annual fees and membership in the organization. == History == A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel.
Ajay Bhatt and his team worked on the standard at Intel; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995. Joseph C.
A broad variety of USB hardware exists, including eleven different connectors, of which USB-C is the most recent. Released in 1996, the USB standard is maintained by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF).
Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices in August 1997.
The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998.
Few USB devices made it to the market until USB 1.1 was released in August 1998.
Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard. The USB 2.0 specification was released in April 2000 and was ratified by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) at the end of 2001.
Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard. The USB 2.0 specification was released in April 2000 and was ratified by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) at the end of 2001.
The ability to boot a write-locked SD card with a USB adapter is particularly advantageous for maintaining the integrity and non-corruptible, pristine state of the booting medium. Though most personal computers since early 2005 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage.
Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Lucent Technologies (now Nokia), NEC, and Philips jointly led the initiative to develop a higher data transfer rate, with the resulting specification achieving 480 Mbit/s, 40 times as fast as the original USB 1.1 specification. The USB 3.0 specification was published on 12 November 2008.
Communication is full-duplex in SuperSpeed transfer mode; earlier modes are half-duplex, arbitrated by the host. Low-power and high-power devices remain operational with this standard, but devices using SuperSpeed can take advantage of increased available current of between 150 mA and 900 mA, respectively. USB 3.1, released in July 2013 has two variants.
SuperSpeed+ doubles the maximum data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s, while reducing line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b. USB 3.2, released in September 2017, preserves existing USB 3.1 SuperSpeed and SuperSpeed+ data modes but introduces two new SuperSpeed+ transfer modes over the USB-C connector with data rates of 10 and 20 Gbit/s (1.25 and 2.5 GB/s).
To help companies with branding of the different transfer modes, USB-IF recommended branding the 5, 10, and 20 Gbit/s transfer modes as SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps, SuperSpeed USB 10Gbps, and SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps, respectively: === USB4 === The USB4 specification was released on 29 August 2019 by the USB Implementers Forum. USB4 is based on the Thunderbolt 3 protocol specification.
The architecture defines a method to share a single high-speed link with multiple end device types dynamically that best serves the transfer of data by type and application. The USB4 specification states that the following technologies shall be supported by USB4: During CES 2020, USB-IF and Intel stated their intention to allow USB4 products that support all the optional functionality as Thunderbolt 4 products.
Released in 2020. === Version history === ==== Release versions ==== ==== Power-related specifications ==== == System design == A USB system consists of a host with one or more downstream ports, and multiple peripherals, forming a tiered-star topology.
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