She was the second ship named for the city of Indianapolis, following the cargo ship of the same name in 1918.
On 20 December 2018, the crew of the Indianapolis was collectively awarded a Congressional Gold Medal. ==Construction== Indianapolis was the second of two ships in the Portland class, the third class of "treaty cruisers" constructed by the United States Navy following the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, after the two vessels of the , ordered in 1926, and the six of the , ordered in 1927.
On 20 December 2018, the crew of the Indianapolis was collectively awarded a Congressional Gold Medal. ==Construction== Indianapolis was the second of two ships in the Portland class, the third class of "treaty cruisers" constructed by the United States Navy following the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, after the two vessels of the , ordered in 1926, and the six of the , ordered in 1927.
On 20 December 2018, the crew of the Indianapolis was collectively awarded a Congressional Gold Medal. ==Construction== Indianapolis was the second of two ships in the Portland class, the third class of "treaty cruisers" constructed by the United States Navy following the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, after the two vessels of the , ordered in 1926, and the six of the , ordered in 1927.
Ordered for the US Navy in fiscal year 1930, Indianapolis was originally designated as a light cruiser because of her thin armor and given the [classification symbol] CL-35.
The total crew varied, with a regular designed complement of 807 and a wartime complement of 952, which could increase to 1,229 when the cruiser was a fleet flagship. Indianapolis was laid down by New York Shipbuilding Corporation on 31 March 1930.
She was reclassified a [cruiser], because of her guns, with the symbol CA-35 on 1 July 1931, in accordance with the London Naval Treaty. As built, the Portland-class cruisers were designed for a standard displacement of , and a full-load displacement of .
Indianapolis was launched on 7 November 1931, and commissioned on 15 November 1932.
Indianapolis was launched on 7 November 1931, and commissioned on 15 November 1932.
Smeallie, Indianapolis undertook her shakedown cruise through the Atlantic and into Guantánamo Bay, until 23 February 1932.
After overhaul at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, she sailed to Maine to embark President Franklin Delano Roosevelt at Campobello Island, New Brunswick, on 1 July 1933.
On 1 November 1933, she became flagship of Scouting Force 1, and maneuvered with the force off Long Beach, California.
She departed on 9 April 1934, and arrived at New York City, embarking Roosevelt, a second time, for a naval review.
She returned to Long Beach on 9 November 1934 for more training with the Scouting Force.
On 18 November 1936, she embarked Roosevelt a third time at Charleston, South Carolina, and conducted a goodwill cruise to South America with him.
She remained flagship of Scouting Force 1 until 1941.
President Roosevelt underwent his crossing the line ceremony on this cruise on 26 November: an "intensive initiation lasting two days, but we have all survived and are now full-fledged Shellbacks". ==World War II== On 7 December 1941, Indianapolis, leading Task Force 3, (Indianapolis and destroyer-minesweepers , , and from MineDiv 6, and and from MineDiv 5) was conducting a mock bombardment at Johnston Atoll during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Late in the afternoon of 20 February 1942, the American ships were attacked by 18 Japanese aircraft.
In 1943, light tripods were added forward of the second funnel on each ship, and a prominent Naval director was installed aft. The ship had four propeller shafts and four Parsons GT geared turbines and eight White-Forster boilers.
US forces later occupied Adak Island, providing a naval base farther from Dutch Harbor on Unalaska Island. ===1943 operations=== In January 1943, Indianapolis supported a landing and occupation on Amchitka, part of an Allied island hopping strategy in the Aleutian Islands. On the evening of 19 February, Indianapolis led two destroyers on a patrol southwest of Attu Island, searching for Japanese ships trying to reinforce Kiska and Attu.
Indianapolis was again 5th Fleet flagship. ===1944=== The cruiser met other ships of her task force at Tarawa, and on D-Day minus 1, 31 January 1944, she was one of the cruisers that bombarded the islands of Kwajalein Atoll.
In 1945, she received twenty-four Bofors guns, arrayed in six quad mounts.
Mitscher's fast carrier task force on 14 February 1945.
The sinking of Indianapolis resulted in the greatest single loss of life at sea from a single ship in the history of the US Navy. On 19 August 2017, a search team financed by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen located the wreckage of the sunken cruiser in the Philippine Sea lying at a depth of approximately .
On 20 December 2018, the crew of the Indianapolis was collectively awarded a Congressional Gold Medal. ==Construction== Indianapolis was the second of two ships in the Portland class, the third class of "treaty cruisers" constructed by the United States Navy following the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, after the two vessels of the , ordered in 1926, and the six of the , ordered in 1927.
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