Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul (with loss of the point or a side-out)—except in the case of the first-try serve. After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, played at the International YMCA Training School (now called Springfield College), the game quickly became known as volleyball (it was originally spelled as two words: "volley ball).
In 1919, about 16,000 volleyballs were distributed by the American Expeditionary Forces to their troops and allies, which sparked the growth of volleyball in new countries. The first country outside the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900.
The rules evolved over time: in 1916, in the Philippines, the skill and power of the set and spike had been introduced, and four years later a "three hits" rule and a rule against hitting from the back row were established.
In 1917, the game was changed from requiring 21 points to win to a smaller 15 points to win.
In 1919, about 16,000 volleyballs were distributed by the American Expeditionary Forces to their troops and allies, which sparked the growth of volleyball in new countries. The first country outside the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900.
Volleyball is also a sport at the Paralympics managed by the World Organization Volleyball for Disabled. Nudists were early adopters of the game with regular organized play in clubs as early as the late 1920s.
There are several variations. Wallyball: A variation of volleyball played in a racquetball court with a rubber ball. 9-man: A variant invented by Chinese immigrants to the United States in the 1930s.
The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball has announced its plans to make snow volleyball part of the future Winter Olympic Games programme. Throwball: became popular with female players at the YMCA College of Physical Education in Chennai (India) in the 1940s. Towel volleyball: towel volleyball is a popular form of outdoor entertainment.
An international federation, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), was founded in 1947, and the first World Championships were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for women.
An international federation, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), was founded in 1947, and the first World Championships were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for women.
An international federation, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), was founded in 1947, and the first World Championships were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for women.
By the 1960s, a volleyball court had become standard in almost all nudist/naturist clubs. === Volleyball in the Olympics === Volleyball has been part of the Summer Olympics program for both men and women consistently since 1964. == Rules of the game == === The court dimensions === A volleyball court is , divided into equal square halves by a net with a width of .
It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since Tokyo 1964.
By the 1960s, a volleyball court had become standard in almost all nudist/naturist clubs. === Volleyball in the Olympics === Volleyball has been part of the Summer Olympics program for both men and women consistently since 1964. == Rules of the game == === The court dimensions === A volleyball court is , divided into equal square halves by a net with a width of .
The sport is now popular in Brazil, in Europe (where especially Italy, the Netherlands, and countries from Eastern Europe have been major forces since the late 1980s), in Russia, and in other countries including China and the rest of Asia, as well as in the United States. Beach volleyball, a variation of the game played on sand and with only two players per team, became a FIVB-endorsed variation in 1987 and was added to the Olympic program at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
This serve was invented and employed almost exclusively by the Brazilian team in the early 1980s and is now considered outdated.
The sport is now popular in Brazil, in Europe (where especially Italy, the Netherlands, and countries from Eastern Europe have been major forces since the late 1980s), in Russia, and in other countries including China and the rest of Asia, as well as in the United States. Beach volleyball, a variation of the game played on sand and with only two players per team, became a FIVB-endorsed variation in 1987 and was added to the Olympic program at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
At elite level, setters used to usually be the shortest players of a team (before liberos were introduced), not being typically required to perform jump hits, but that would imply need for short-term replacemente by taller bench players when critical points required more effective blocks; in the 1990s taller setters (e.g.
At elite level, until the 1990s several opposite hitters used to be able to also play as middle hitters (e.g.
Beach Volleyball was introduced to the programme at the Atlanta 1996.
The sport is now popular in Brazil, in Europe (where especially Italy, the Netherlands, and countries from Eastern Europe have been major forces since the late 1980s), in Russia, and in other countries including China and the rest of Asia, as well as in the United States. Beach volleyball, a variation of the game played on sand and with only two players per team, became a FIVB-endorsed variation in 1987 and was added to the Olympic program at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
changed to rally scoring in 2003, and several states implemented it the previous year on an experimental basis. === Libero === The libero player was introduced internationally in 1998, and made its debut for NCAA competition in 2002.
(Scoring differs between leagues, tournaments, and levels; high schools sometimes play best-of-three to 25; in the NCAA matches are played best-of-five to 25 as of the 2008 season.) Before 1999, points could be scored only when a team had the serve (side-out scoring) and all sets went up to only 15 points.
The FIVB changed the rules in 1999 (with the changes being compulsory in 2000) to use the current scoring system (formerly known as rally point system), primarily to make the length of the match more predictable and to make the game more spectator- and television-friendly. The final year of side-out scoring at the NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Championship was 2000.
The FIVB changed the rules in 1999 (with the changes being compulsory in 2000) to use the current scoring system (formerly known as rally point system), primarily to make the length of the match more predictable and to make the game more spectator- and television-friendly. The final year of side-out scoring at the NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Championship was 2000.
That rule change was also applied to high school and junior high play soon after. === Recent rule changes === Other rule changes enacted in 2000 include allowing serves in which the ball touches the net, as long as it goes over the net into the opponents' court.
Rally point scoring debuted in 2001, and games were played to 30 points through 2007.
changed to rally scoring in 2003, and several states implemented it the previous year on an experimental basis. === Libero === The libero player was introduced internationally in 1998, and made its debut for NCAA competition in 2002.
changed to rally scoring in 2003, and several states implemented it the previous year on an experimental basis. === Libero === The libero player was introduced internationally in 1998, and made its debut for NCAA competition in 2002.
high schools added the libero position from 2003 to 2005. The modern-day libero often takes on the role of a second setter.
NCAA rules for both men and women differ on this point; a 2004 rule change allows the libero to serve, but only in a specific rotation.
high schools added the libero position from 2003 to 2005. The modern-day libero often takes on the role of a second setter.
Rally point scoring debuted in 2001, and games were played to 30 points through 2007.
(Scoring differs between leagues, tournaments, and levels; high schools sometimes play best-of-three to 25; in the NCAA matches are played best-of-five to 25 as of the 2008 season.) Before 1999, points could be scored only when a team had the serve (side-out scoring) and all sets went up to only 15 points.
For the 2008 season, games were renamed "sets" and reduced to 25 points to win.
During the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, however, the sky ball serve was extensively played by Italian beach volleyball player Adrian Carambula.
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