the Daniell cell and Grove cell) until the advent of the dynamo (the electrical generator) in the 1870s. Volta's invention was built on Luigi Galvani's 1780s discovery of how a circuit of two metals and a frog's leg can cause the frog's leg to respond.
Volta demonstrated in 1794 that when two metals and brine-soaked cloth or cardboard are arranged in a circuit they produce an electric current.
It was invented by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta, who published his experiments in 1799.
In 1800, Volta stacked several pairs of alternating copper (or silver) and zinc discs (electrodes) separated by cloth or cardboard soaked in brine (electrolyte) to increase the electrolyte conductivity.
When the top and bottom contacts were connected by a wire, an electric current flowed through the voltaic pile and the connecting wire. == History == ==Applications== On 20 March 1800, Alessandro Volta wrote to the London Royal Society to describe the technique for producing electric current using his device.
In 1802 Vasily Petrov used voltaic piles in the discovery and research of electric arc effects. Humphry Davy and Andrew Crosse were among the first to develop large voltaic piles.
Indeed, Volta himself experimented with a pile whose cardboard discs had dried out, most likely accidentally. The first to publish was Johann Wilhelm Ritter in 1802, albeit in an obscure journal, but over the next decade, it was announced repeatedly as a new discovery.
Davy used a 2000-pair pile made for the Royal Institution in 1808 to demonstrate carbon arc discharge and isolate five new elements: barium, calcium, boron, strontium and magnesium. ==Electrochemistry== Because Volta believed that the electromotive force occurred at the contact between the two metals, Volta's piles had a different design than the modern design illustrated on this page.
Francis Ronalds in 1814 was one of the first to realise that dry piles also worked through chemical reaction rather than metal to metal contact, even though corrosion was not visible due to the very small currents generated. The dry pile could be referred to as the ancestor of the modern dry cell. ==Electromotive force== The strength of the pile is expressed in terms of its electromotive force, or emf, given in volts.
The words "electrode" and "electrolyte", used above to describe Volta's work, are due to Faraday. ==Dry pile== A number of high-voltage dry piles were invented between the early 19th century and the 1830s in an attempt to determine the source of electricity of the wet voltaic pile, and specifically to support Volta's hypothesis of contact tension.
the Daniell cell and Grove cell) until the advent of the dynamo (the electrical generator) in the 1870s. Volta's invention was built on Luigi Galvani's 1780s discovery of how a circuit of two metals and a frog's leg can cause the frog's leg to respond.
Davy used a 2000-pair pile made for the Royal Institution in 1808 to demonstrate carbon arc discharge and isolate five new elements: barium, calcium, boron, strontium and magnesium. ==Electrochemistry== Because Volta believed that the electromotive force occurred at the contact between the two metals, Volta's piles had a different design than the modern design illustrated on this page.
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