Walter Scott

1745

This form of dress, proscribed after the 1745 rebellion against the English, became one of the seminal, potent and ubiquitous symbols of Scottish identity. ===Financial problems and death=== In 1825, a UK-wide banking crisis resulted in the collapse of the Ballantyne printing business, of which Scott was the only partner with a financial interest; the company's debts of £130,000 () caused his very public ruin.

1771

Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832) was a Scottish historical novelist, poet, playwright, and historian.

1773

Walter subsequently became a member of the Clarence Club, of which the Burtons were also members. ==Childhood== He survived a childhood bout of polio in 1773 that left him lame, a condition that would have a significant effect on his life and writing.

To cure his lameness he was sent in 1773 to live in the rural Scottish Borders at his paternal grandparents' farm at Sandyknowe, adjacent to the ruin of Smailholm Tower, the earlier family home.

1775

In January 1775, he returned to Edinburgh, and that summer went with his aunt Jenny to take spa treatment at Bath in Somerset, Southern England, where they lived at 6 South Parade.

1776

In the winter of 1776, he went back to Sandyknowe, with another attempt at a water cure at Prestonpans during the following summer. In 1778, Scott returned to Edinburgh for private education to prepare him for school and joined his family in their new house, one of the first to be built in George Square.

1778

In the winter of 1776, he went back to Sandyknowe, with another attempt at a water cure at Prestonpans during the following summer. In 1778, Scott returned to Edinburgh for private education to prepare him for school and joined his family in their new house, one of the first to be built in George Square.

1779

In October 1779, he began at the Royal High School in Edinburgh (in High School Yards).

1786

In March 1786, aged 14, he began an apprenticeship in his father's office to become a Writer to the Signet.

During the winter of 1786–87, the 15-year-old Scott met the Scots poet Robert Burns at one of these salons, their only meeting.

1789

When it was decided that he would become a lawyer, he returned to the university to study law, first taking classes in moral philosophy (under Dugald Stewart) and universal history (under Alexander Fraser Tytler) in 1789–90.

During this second spell at university Scott played a prominent role in student intellectual activities: he co-founded the Literary Society in 1789, and he was elected to the Speculative Society the following year, becoming librarian and secretary-treasurer the following year. After completing his studies in law, he became a lawyer in Edinburgh.

1790

The daily drill practices that year, starting at 5 am, provide an indication of the determination with which this role was undertaken. === Start of literary career, marriage and family === Scott was prompted to embark on his literary career by the enthusiasm in Edinburgh during the 1790s for modern German literature.

One of his favourite books since childhood had been Thomas Percy's Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, and during the 1790s he engaged in research in manuscript collections and on Border 'raids' to collect ballads from oral performance.

1792

He was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1792.

1794

The dates of the action in the others range from 1794 in The Antiquary back to 1096 or 1097, the time of the First Crusade, in Count Robert of Paris.

1796

In 1796, he produced English versions of two poems by Gottfried August Bürger, Der wilde Jäger and Lenore, publishing them as The Chase, and William and Helen.

1797

In February 1797, with the threat of a French invasion, Scott along with many of his friends joined the Royal Edinburgh Volunteer Light Dragoons, with which he served into the early 1800s, and was appointed quartermaster and secretary.

After three weeks of courtship, Scott proposed and they were married on Christmas Eve 1797 in St Mary's Church, Carlisle (in the nave of Carlisle Cathedral).

1798

From 1798, Scott had spent the summers in a cottage at Lasswade, where he entertained guests including literary figures, and it was there that his career as an author began.

In 1798 James had published Scott's version of Goethe's Erlkönig in his newspaper The Kelso Mail, and, in 1799, he included it and the two Bürger translations in a small privately printed anthology Apology for Tales of Terror.

1799

In 1799 Scott was appointed Sheriff-Depute of the County of Selkirk, based in the Royal Burgh of Selkirk.

In 1798 James had published Scott's version of Goethe's Erlkönig in his newspaper The Kelso Mail, and, in 1799, he included it and the two Bürger translations in a small privately printed anthology Apology for Tales of Terror.

1800

In February 1797, with the threat of a French invasion, Scott along with many of his friends joined the Royal Edinburgh Volunteer Light Dragoons, with which he served into the early 1800s, and was appointed quartermaster and secretary.

In 1800 Scott suggested that Ballantyne set up business in Edinburgh and provided a loan for him to make the transition in 1802.

1801

In his early married days Scott had a decent living from his earnings as a lawyer, his salary as Sheriff-Depute, his wife's income, some revenue from his writing, and his share of his father's modest estate. After Walter Jr was born in 1801, the Scotts moved to a spacious three-storey house at 39 North Castle Street, which remained as Scott's base in Edinburgh until 1826, when it was sold by the trustees appointed after his financial ruin.

In adult life he also adhered to the Scottish Episcopal Church: he seldom attended church but read the Book of Common Prayer services in family worship. ==Freemasonry== Scott's father was a Freemason, being a member of Lodge St David, No.36 (Edinburgh), and Scott also became a Freemason in his father's Lodge in 1801, albeit only after the death of his father. ==Appearance== As a result of his early polio infection, Scott had a pronounced limp.

1802

With the help of John Leyden he produced a two-volume collection Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border in 1802 containing 48 traditional ballads and two imitations apiece by Leyden and himself.

In 1800 Scott suggested that Ballantyne set up business in Edinburgh and provided a loan for him to make the transition in 1802.

1803

Although himself a Tory he reviewed for The Edinburgh Review between 1803 and 1806, but that journal's advocacy of peace with Napoleon led him to cancel his subscription in 1808.

1804

In 1804, he ended his use of the Lasswade cottage and leased the substantial house of Ashestiel, from Selkirk, sited on the south bank of the River Tweed and incorporating an ancient tower house. At Scott's insistence the first edition of the Minstrelsy was printed by his friend James Ballantyne at Kelso.

At a certain spot, the old gentleman would stop the carriage and take his son to a stone on the site of the Battle of Melrose (1526). During the summers from 1804, Scott made his home at the large house of Ashestiel, on the south bank of the River Tweed, north of Selkirk.

1805

In 1805, they became partners in the printing business, and from then until the financial crash of 1826 Scott's works were routinely printed by the firm. === The poet === Between 1805 and 1817 Scott produced five long narrative poems, each in six cantos, four shorter independently published poems, and many small metrical pieces.

The first few chapters of Waverley were completed by roughly 1805, but the project was abandoned as a result of unfavorable criticism from a friend.

1806

Although himself a Tory he reviewed for The Edinburgh Review between 1803 and 1806, but that journal's advocacy of peace with Napoleon led him to cancel his subscription in 1808.

He was ordained as an elder in Duddingston Kirk in 1806, and sat in the General Assembly for a time as representative elder of the burgh of Selkirk.

1807

In an unprecedented move, the publisher Archibald Constable purchased the copyright of the poem for a thousand guineas at the beginning of 1807 when only the first epistle had been completed.

1808

Constable's faith was justified by the sales: the three editions published in 1808 sold 8,000 copies.

Although himself a Tory he reviewed for The Edinburgh Review between 1803 and 1806, but that journal's advocacy of peace with Napoleon led him to cancel his subscription in 1808.

Published in 1808 and set in 15th century England, Queenhoo Hall was not a success due to its archaic language and excessive display of antiquarian information.

1810

The success of his Highland narrative poem The Lady of the Lake in 1810 seems to have put it into his head to resume the narrative and have his hero Edward Waverley journey to Scotland.

1811

Scott also produced four minor narrative or semi-narrative poems between 1811 and 1817: The Vision of Don Roderick (1811); The Bridal of Triermain (published anonymously in 1813); The Field of Waterloo (1815); and Harold the Dauntless (published anonymously in 1817). Throughout his creative life Scott was an active reviewer.

When his lease on this property expired in 1811, he bought Cartley Hole Farm, downstream on the Tweed nearer Melrose.

Following a modest enlargement of the original farmhouse in 1811–12, massive expansions took place in 1816–19 and 1822–24.

1812

Until Lord Byron published the first two cantos of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage in 1812 and followed them up with his exotic oriental verse narratives, Scott was by far the most popular poet of the time. The Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805), in medieval romance form, grew out of Scott's plan to include a long original poem of his own in the second edition of the Minstrelsy: it would be 'a sort of Romance of Border Chivalry & inchantment'.

“Hail to the Chief” from “The Lady of the Lake” was set to music around 1812 by the songwriter James Sanderson (c.

1813

Scott also produced four minor narrative or semi-narrative poems between 1811 and 1817: The Vision of Don Roderick (1811); The Bridal of Triermain (published anonymously in 1813); The Field of Waterloo (1815); and Harold the Dauntless (published anonymously in 1817). Throughout his creative life Scott was an active reviewer.

The following year, at the height of his poetic career, he was instrumental in the establishment of a Tory rival, The Quarterly Review to which he contributed reviews for the rest of his life. In 1813 Scott was offered the position of Poet Laureate.

Although Waverley was announced for publication at that stage, it was again laid and not resumed until late 1813 and completed for publication in 1814.

1814

Although Waverley was announced for publication at that stage, it was again laid and not resumed until late 1813 and completed for publication in 1814.

Some have also argued that, although Scott was formally a supporter of the Union with England (and Ireland) his novels have a strong nationalist subtext for readers attuned to the appropriate wavelength. Scott's embarkation on his new career as a novelist in 1814 did not mean that he abandoned poetry.

1827) from Kenilworth in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford; Delacroix's L'Enlèvement de Rebecca (1846) from Ivanhoe in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; and Millais's The Bride of Lammermoor (1878) in Bristol Museum and Art Gallery. == Works == === Novels === The Waverley Novels is the title given to the long series of Scott novels released from 1814 to 1832 which takes its name from the first novel, Waverley.

1816

He owed the distinctive irregular accentual four-beat metre to Coleridge's Christabel, which he had heard recited by John Stoddart (it was not to be published until 1816).

Following a modest enlargement of the original farmhouse in 1811–12, massive expansions took place in 1816–19 and 1822–24.

1817

In 1805, they became partners in the printing business, and from then until the financial crash of 1826 Scott's works were routinely printed by the firm. === The poet === Between 1805 and 1817 Scott produced five long narrative poems, each in six cantos, four shorter independently published poems, and many small metrical pieces.

Scott also produced four minor narrative or semi-narrative poems between 1811 and 1817: The Vision of Don Roderick (1811); The Bridal of Triermain (published anonymously in 1813); The Field of Waterloo (1815); and Harold the Dauntless (published anonymously in 1817). Throughout his creative life Scott was an active reviewer.

In most of the novels Scott preceded each chapter with an epigram or 'motto': most of these are in verse, and many are of his own composition, often imitating other writers such as Beaumont and Fletcher. ===Recovery of the Crown Jewels, baronetcy and ceremonial pageantry=== Prompted by Scott, the Prince Regent (the future George IV) gave Scott and other officials permission in a Royal Warrant dated 28 October 1817 to conduct a search for the Crown Jewels ("Honours of Scotland").

In 1817 as part of the land purchases Scott bought the nearby mansion-house of Toftfield for his friend Adam Ferguson to live in along with his brothers and sisters and on which, at the ladies' request, he bestowed the name of Huntlyburn.

1818

On 4 February 1818, Scott and a small team of military men opened the box, and "unearthed" the honours from the Crown Room of Edinburgh Castle.

On 19 August 1818 through Scott's effort, his friend Adam Ferguson was appointed Deputy Keeper of the "Scottish Regalia".

The painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1818. Abbotsford later gave its name to the Abbotsford Club, founded in 1834 in memory of Sir Walter Scott. == Legacy == ===Later assessment=== Although he continued to be extremely popular and widely read, both at home and abroad, Scott's critical reputation declined in the last half of the 19th century as serious writers turned from romanticism to realism, and Scott began to be regarded as an author suitable for children.

1820

The Scottish patronage system swung into action and after elaborate negotiations the Prince Regent granted Scott the title of baronet: in April 1820 he received the baronetcy in London, becoming Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet. After George's accession to the throne, the city council of Edinburgh invited Scott, at the sovereign's behest, to stage-manage the 1822 visit of King George IV to Scotland.

He was described in 1820 as 'tall, well formed (except for one ankle and foot which made him walk lamely), neither fat nor thin, with forehead very high, nose short, upper lip long and face rather fleshy, complexion fresh and clear, eyes very blue, shrewd and penetrating, with hair now silvery white'.

1822

His eldest son Sir Walter Scott, 2nd Baronet (1801–1847), inherited his father's estates and possessions: on 3 February 1825 he married Jane Jobson, only daughter of William Jobson of Lochore (died 1822) (by his wife Rachel Stuart (died 1863)), the heiress of Lochore and a niece of Lady Margaret Ferguson.

The Scottish patronage system swung into action and after elaborate negotiations the Prince Regent granted Scott the title of baronet: in April 1820 he received the baronetcy in London, becoming Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet. After George's accession to the throne, the city council of Edinburgh invited Scott, at the sovereign's behest, to stage-manage the 1822 visit of King George IV to Scotland.

Following a modest enlargement of the original farmhouse in 1811–12, massive expansions took place in 1816–19 and 1822–24.

Scott's orchestration of King George IV's visit to Scotland, in 1822, was a pivotal event intended to inspire a view of his home country that, in his view, accentuated the positive aspects of the past while allowing the age of quasi-medieval blood-letting to be put to rest, while envisioning a more useful, peaceful future. After Scott's work had been essentially unstudied for many decades, a revival of critical interest began in the middle of the 20th century.

1825

His eldest son Sir Walter Scott, 2nd Baronet (1801–1847), inherited his father's estates and possessions: on 3 February 1825 he married Jane Jobson, only daughter of William Jobson of Lochore (died 1822) (by his wife Rachel Stuart (died 1863)), the heiress of Lochore and a niece of Lady Margaret Ferguson.

This form of dress, proscribed after the 1745 rebellion against the English, became one of the seminal, potent and ubiquitous symbols of Scottish identity. ===Financial problems and death=== In 1825, a UK-wide banking crisis resulted in the collapse of the Ballantyne printing business, of which Scott was the only partner with a financial interest; the company's debts of £130,000 () caused his very public ruin.

1826

In his early married days Scott had a decent living from his earnings as a lawyer, his salary as Sheriff-Depute, his wife's income, some revenue from his writing, and his share of his father's modest estate. After Walter Jr was born in 1801, the Scotts moved to a spacious three-storey house at 39 North Castle Street, which remained as Scott's base in Edinburgh until 1826, when it was sold by the trustees appointed after his financial ruin.

In 1805, they became partners in the printing business, and from then until the financial crash of 1826 Scott's works were routinely printed by the firm. === The poet === Between 1805 and 1817 Scott produced five long narrative poems, each in six cantos, four shorter independently published poems, and many small metrical pieces.

Until his financial ruin in 1826 he continued this practice, and the novels mostly appeared as 'By the Author of Waverley' (or variants thereof) or as Tales of My Landlord.

To add to his burdens, his wife Charlotte died in 1826. Whether in spite of these events, or because of them, Scott kept up his prodigious output.

Between 1826 and 1832 he produced six novels, two short stories and two plays, eleven works or volumes of non-fiction, and a journal, in addition to several unfinished works.

In 1826, there was outrage in Scotland at the attempt of Parliament to prevent the production of banknotes of less than five pounds.

1827

Recalling that period in 1827, Scott said that he 'was German-mad'.

The nonfiction works included the Life of Napoleon Buonaparte in 1827, two volumes of the History of Scotland in 1829 and 1830, and four installments of the series entitled Tales of a Grandfather – Being Stories Taken From Scottish History, written one per year over the period 1828–1831, among several others.

1828

The nonfiction works included the Life of Napoleon Buonaparte in 1827, two volumes of the History of Scotland in 1829 and 1830, and four installments of the series entitled Tales of a Grandfather – Being Stories Taken From Scottish History, written one per year over the period 1828–1831, among several others.

1829

The nonfiction works included the Life of Napoleon Buonaparte in 1827, two volumes of the History of Scotland in 1829 and 1830, and four installments of the series entitled Tales of a Grandfather – Being Stories Taken From Scottish History, written one per year over the period 1828–1831, among several others.

Others include Donizetti's 1829 opera Il castello di Kenilworth based on Kenilworth, Georges Bizet's La jolie fille de Perth (1867, based on The Fair Maid of Perth), and Arthur Sullivan's Ivanhoe (1891, based on Ivanhoe). Many of his songs were set to music by composers throughout the nineteenth century.

1830

The nonfiction works included the Life of Napoleon Buonaparte in 1827, two volumes of the History of Scotland in 1829 and 1830, and four installments of the series entitled Tales of a Grandfather – Being Stories Taken From Scottish History, written one per year over the period 1828–1831, among several others.

1831

Finally, Scott had recently been inspired by the diaries of Samuel Pepys and Lord Byron, and he began keeping a journal over the period, which, however, would not be published until 1890, as The Journal of Sir Walter Scott. By then Scott's health was failing, and on 29 October 1831, in a vain search for improvement, he set off on a voyage to Malta and Naples on board HMS Barham, a frigate put at his disposal by the Admiralty.

1832

Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832) was a Scottish historical novelist, poet, playwright, and historian.

Between 1826 and 1832 he produced six novels, two short stories and two plays, eleven works or volumes of non-fiction, and a journal, in addition to several unfinished works.

He was welcomed and celebrated wherever he went, but on his journey home he had a final stroke and was transported back to die at Abbotsford on 21 September 1832.

1827) from Kenilworth in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford; Delacroix's L'Enlèvement de Rebecca (1846) from Ivanhoe in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; and Millais's The Bride of Lammermoor (1878) in Bristol Museum and Art Gallery. == Works == === Novels === The Waverley Novels is the title given to the long series of Scott novels released from 1814 to 1832 which takes its name from the first novel, Waverley.

1833

Twelve streets in Vancouver, British Columbia are named after Scott's books or characters. === Literature by other authors === Letitia Elizabeth Landon was a great admirer of Scott and, on his death, she wrote two tributes to him: On Walter Scott in the Literary Gazette, and Sir Walter Scott in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833.

1834

The painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1818. Abbotsford later gave its name to the Abbotsford Club, founded in 1834 in memory of Sir Walter Scott. == Legacy == ===Later assessment=== Although he continued to be extremely popular and widely read, both at home and abroad, Scott's critical reputation declined in the last half of the 19th century as serious writers turned from romanticism to realism, and Scott began to be regarded as an author suitable for children.

1838

Designed by David Rhind in 1838, the monument features a large column topped by a statue of Scott. There is a statue of Scott in New York City's Central Park. Numerous Masonic Lodges have been named after Scott and his novels.

A series of 22 analyses of Scott's female characters (sadly curtailed by Letitia's untimely death in 1838).

1841

Laman Blanchard: Life and Literary Remains of L.E.L., 1841.

1844

It was completed in 1844, 12 years after Scott's death, and dominates the south side of Princes Street.

1854

There is a tower dedicated to his memory on Corstorphine Hill in the west of the city and Edinburgh's Waverley railway station, opened in 1854, takes its name from his first novel. In Glasgow, Walter Scott's Monument dominates the centre of George Square, the main public square in the city.

1863

His eldest son Sir Walter Scott, 2nd Baronet (1801–1847), inherited his father's estates and possessions: on 3 February 1825 he married Jane Jobson, only daughter of William Jobson of Lochore (died 1822) (by his wife Rachel Stuart (died 1863)), the heiress of Lochore and a niece of Lady Margaret Ferguson.

1871

Black, 1871. Crawford, Thomas, Scott, Kennedy & Boyd, 2013 Duncan, Ian.

1890

Finally, Scott had recently been inspired by the diaries of Samuel Pepys and Lord Byron, and he began keeping a journal over the period, which, however, would not be published until 1890, as The Journal of Sir Walter Scott. By then Scott's health was failing, and on 29 October 1831, in a vain search for improvement, he set off on a voyage to Malta and Naples on board HMS Barham, a frigate put at his disposal by the Admiralty.

1932

Sir Walter Scott, Coward-McCann Inc., New York, 1932. Cornish, Sidney W.

1950

Scott's Ivanhoe continued to be required reading for many American high school students until the end of the 1950s. A bust of Scott is in the Hall of Heroes of the National Wallace Monument in Stirling.

1951

Ramsey glances at her husband: In 1951, science-fiction author Isaac Asimov wrote Breeds There a Man...?, a short story with a title alluding vividly to Scott's The Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805). In To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), the protagonist's brother is made to read Walter Scott's book Ivanhoe to the ailing Mrs.

1963

The Hero of the Waverley Novels (New Haven, 1963). == External links == Sir Walter Scott and Hinx, his Cat The Edinburgh Sir Walter Scott Club Sir Walter Scott, biography by Richard H.

1966

These were followed in 1966 by a major thematic analysis covering most of the novels by Francis R.

Scott's Novels: The Plotting of Historic Survival (Charlottesville, Virginia, 1966). Kelly, Stuart.

1979

Routledge, 1979, ; Kindle ed.

1980

3, Summer 1980, pp. 26 – 28. Tulloch, Graham.

The Language of Walter Scott: A Study of his Scottish and Period Language (London, 1980). Welsh, Alexander.

1981

Walter Scott and Scotland, William Blackwood, Edinburgh, 1981, Shaw, Harry, Scott, Scotland and Repression, in Bold, Christine (ed.), Cencrastus No.

1984

Walter Scott: The Making of the Novelist (Edinburgh, 1984). Scott in Carnival: Selected Papers from the Fourth International Scott Conference, Edinburgh, 1991, ed.

1991

Scott has proved particularly responsive to Postmodern approaches, most notably to the concept of the interplay of multiple voices highlighted by Mikhail Bakhtin, as suggested by the title of the volume with selected papers from the Fourth International Scott Conference held in Edinburgh in 1991, Scott in Carnival.

The Achievement of Literary Authority: Gender, History, and the Waverley Novels (Ithaca, New York, 1991). Hart, Francis R..

Walter Scott: The Making of the Novelist (Edinburgh, 1984). Scott in Carnival: Selected Papers from the Fourth International Scott Conference, Edinburgh, 1991, ed.

1993

Alexander and David Hewitt (Aberdeen, 1993). Scott, Paul Henderson.

2007

The image on the 2007 series of banknotes is based on the portrait by Henry Raeburn. During and immediately after World War I there was a movement spearheaded by President Wilson and other eminent people to inculcate patriotism in American school children, especially immigrants, and to stress the American connection with the literature and institutions of the "mother country" of Great Britain, using selected readings in middle school textbooks.

Edinburgh UP, 2007. Millgate, Jane.

2009

Evan Gottlieb and Ian Duncan (New York, 2009). Bautz, Annika.

2010

597, (Edinburgh, Scotland). The annual Walter Scott Prize for Historical Fiction was created in 2010 by the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, whose ancestors were closely linked to Sir Walter Scott.

2013

Black, 1871. Crawford, Thomas, Scott, Kennedy & Boyd, 2013 Duncan, Ian.




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