Various versions of this apparatus were built in the 1960s and 1970s.
She also possessed a 'finger-watch' set in a ring, with an alarm that prodded her finger. ===1600s=== The Qing Dynasty saw the introduction of a fully functional abacus on a ring, which could be used while it was being worn. ===1960s=== In 1961, mathematicians Edward O.
The system was successfully tested in Las Vegas in June 1961, but hardware issues with the speaker wires prevented it from being used beyond test runs.
This work was kept secret until it was first mentioned in Thorp's book Beat the Dealer (revised ed.) in 1966 and later published in detail in 1969. ===1970s=== Pocket calculators became mass-market devices from 1970, starting in Japan.
This work was kept secret until it was first mentioned in Thorp's book Beat the Dealer (revised ed.) in 1966 and later published in detail in 1969. ===1970s=== Pocket calculators became mass-market devices from 1970, starting in Japan.
Various versions of this apparatus were built in the 1960s and 1970s.
This work was kept secret until it was first mentioned in Thorp's book Beat the Dealer (revised ed.) in 1966 and later published in detail in 1969. ===1970s=== Pocket calculators became mass-market devices from 1970, starting in Japan.
Programmable calculators followed in the late 1970s, being somewhat more general-purpose computers.
The HP-01 algebraic calculator watch by Hewlett-Packard was released in 1977. A camera-to-tactile vest for the blind, launched by C.C.
Collins in 1977, converted images into a 1024-point, 10-inch square [technology|tactile grid] on a vest. ===1980s=== The 1980s saw the rise of more general-purpose wearable computers.
Collins in 1977, converted images into a 1024-point, 10-inch square [technology|tactile grid] on a vest. ===1980s=== The 1980s saw the rise of more general-purpose wearable computers.
In 1981, Steve Mann designed and built a backpack-mounted 6502-based wearable multimedia computer with text, graphics, and multimedia capability, as well as video capability (cameras and other photographic systems).
Mann went on to be an early and active researcher in the wearables field, especially known for his 1994 creation of the Wearable Wireless Webcam, the first example of Lifelogging. Seiko Epson released the RC-20 Wrist Computer in 1984.
It was an early smartwatch, powered by a computer on a chip. In 1989, Reflection Technology marketed the Private Eye [display], which scans a vertical array of LEDs across the visual field using a vibrating mirror.
The CPU was an 8 MHz 80188 processor with 0.5 MB ROM. ===1990s=== In the 1990s PDAs became widely used, and in 1999 were combined with mobile phones in Japan to produce the first mass-market smartphone. In 1993, the Private Eye was used in Thad Starner's wearable, based on Doug Platt's system and built from a kit from Park Enterprises, a Private Eye display on loan from Devon Sean McCullough, and the Twiddler chording keyboard made by Handykey.
This display gave rise to several hobbyist and research wearables, including Gerald "Chip" Maguire's IBM / Columbia University Student Electronic Notebook, Doug Platt's Hip-PC, and Carnegie Mellon University's VuMan 1 in 1991. The Student Electronic Notebook consisted of the Private Eye, Toshiba diskless AIX notebook computers (prototypes), a stylus based input system and a virtual keyboard.
The system debuted at "The Lap and Palmtop Expo" on 16 April 1991. VuMan 1 was developed as part of a Summer-term course at Carnegie Mellon's Engineering Design Research Center, and was intended for viewing house blueprints.
The CPU was an 8 MHz 80188 processor with 0.5 MB ROM. ===1990s=== In the 1990s PDAs became widely used, and in 1999 were combined with mobile phones in Japan to produce the first mass-market smartphone. In 1993, the Private Eye was used in Thad Starner's wearable, based on Doug Platt's system and built from a kit from Park Enterprises, a Private Eye display on loan from Devon Sean McCullough, and the Twiddler chording keyboard made by Handykey.
Mann went on to be an early and active researcher in the wearables field, especially known for his 1994 creation of the Wearable Wireless Webcam, the first example of Lifelogging. Seiko Epson released the RC-20 Wrist Computer in 1984.
The system used sensors attached to objects in the physical world to determine their locations, and the entire system ran tethered from a desktop computer. In 1994, Edgar Matias and Mike Ruicci of the University of Toronto, debuted a "wrist computer." Their system presented an alternative approach to the emerging head-up display plus chord keyboard wearable.
Also in 1994, Mik Lamming and Mike Flynn at Xerox EuroPARC demonstrated the Forget-Me-Not, a wearable device that would record interactions with people and devices and store this information in a database for later query.
As with the Toronto system, Forget-Me-Not was not based on a head-mounted display. Also in 1994, DARPA started the Smart Modules Program to develop a modular, humionic approach to wearable and carryable computers, with the goal of producing a variety of products including computers, radios, navigation systems and human-computer interfaces that have both military and commercial use.
In July 1996, DARPA went on to host the "Wearables in 2005" workshop, bringing together industrial, university, and military visionaries to work on the common theme of delivering computing to the individual.
A follow-up conference was hosted by Boeing in August 1996, where plans were finalized to create a new academic conference on wearable computing.
In October 1997, Carnegie Mellon University, MIT, and Georgia Tech co-hosted the IEEE International Symposium on Wearables Computers (ISWC) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
The symposium was a full academic conference with published proceedings and papers ranging from sensors and new hardware to new applications for wearable computers, with 382 people registered for the event. In 1998, Steve Mann invented and built the world's first smartwatch.
filed for bankruptcy in 2001 and subsequently ceased operations. In 1998, Seiko marketed the Ruputer, a computer in a (fairly large) wristwatch, to mediocre returns.
The CPU was an 8 MHz 80188 processor with 0.5 MB ROM. ===1990s=== In the 1990s PDAs became widely used, and in 1999 were combined with mobile phones in Japan to produce the first mass-market smartphone. In 1993, the Private Eye was used in Thad Starner's wearable, based on Doug Platt's system and built from a kit from Park Enterprises, a Private Eye display on loan from Devon Sean McCullough, and the Twiddler chording keyboard made by Handykey.
It was featured on the cover of Linux Journal in 2000, and demonstrated at ISSCC 2000. ===2000s=== Dr.
This work was first published internationally in 2000 at the ISWC conference.
GoPro cameras are used by many athletes and extreme sports enthusiasts, a trend that became very apparent during the early 2010s. In the late 2000s, various Chinese companies began producing mobile phones in the form of wristwatches, the descendants of which as of 2013 include the i5 and i6, which are GSM phones with 1.8-inch displays, and the ZGPAX s5 Android wristwatch phone. ===2010s=== Standardization with IEEE, IETF, and several industry groups (e.g.
filed for bankruptcy in 2001 and subsequently ceased operations. In 1998, Seiko marketed the Ruputer, a computer in a (fairly large) wristwatch, to mediocre returns.
In 2001, IBM developed and publicly displayed two prototypes for a wristwatch computer running Linux.
The work was carried out at the Wearable Computer Lab in the University of South Australia. In 2002, as part of Kevin Warwick's Project Cyborg, Warwick's wife, Irena, wore a necklace which was electronically linked to Warwick's nervous system via an implanted electrode array.
The color of the necklace changed between red and blue dependent on the signals on Warwick's nervous system. Also in 2002, Xybernaut released a wearable computer called the Xybernaut Poma Wearable PC, Poma for short.
In 2002, Fossil, Inc.
Hitachi launched a wearable computer called Poma in 2002.
In 2002, Panasonic introduced a wearable brick computer coupled with a handheld or a touchscreen worn on the arm.
Its release date was set for summer of 2003, but was delayed several times and was finally made available on 5 January 2005.
The last message about them dates to 2004, saying the device would cost about $250, but it is still under development.
In July 1996, DARPA went on to host the "Wearables in 2005" workshop, bringing together industrial, university, and military visionaries to work on the common theme of delivering computing to the individual.
Publicly traded Xybernaut tried forging alliances with companies such as IBM and Sony in order to make wearable computing widely available, and managed to get their equipment seen on such shows as The X-Files, but in 2005 their stock was delisted and the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection amid financial scandal and federal investigation.
Its release date was set for summer of 2003, but was delayed several times and was finally made available on 5 January 2005.
The wearable brick was quietly pulled from the market in 2005, while the screen evolved to a thin client touchscreen used with a handstrap. Google has announced that it has been working on a [display]-based wearable "augmented reality" device called Google Glass.
Xybernaut emerged from bankruptcy protection in January, 2007.
GoPro cameras are used by many athletes and extreme sports enthusiasts, a trend that became very apparent during the early 2010s. In the late 2000s, various Chinese companies began producing mobile phones in the form of wristwatches, the descendants of which as of 2013 include the i5 and i6, which are GSM phones with 1.8-inch displays, and the ZGPAX s5 Android wristwatch phone. ===2010s=== Standardization with IEEE, IETF, and several industry groups (e.g.
The 6th-generation iPod Nano, released in September 2010, has a wristband attachment available to convert it into a wearable wristwatch computer. The development of wearable computing spread to encompass rehabilitation engineering, ambulatory intervention treatment, life guard systems, and defense wearable systems. Sony produced a wristwatch called Sony SmartWatch that must be paired with an Android phone.
After 2010, the wearable technologies have been seen more as a technology focused mostly on fitness.
Microsoft's 2011 prototype "The Printing Dress". Wearable computing is the subject of active research, especially the form-factor and location on the body, with areas of study including user interface design, augmented reality, and pattern recognition.
Once paired, it becomes an additional remote display and notification tool. Fitbit released several wearable fitness trackers and the Fitbit Surge, a full smartwatch that is compatible with Android and iOS. On 11 April 2012, Pebble launched a Kickstarter campaign to raise $100,000 for their initial smartwatch model.
GoPro cameras are used by many athletes and extreme sports enthusiasts, a trend that became very apparent during the early 2010s. In the late 2000s, various Chinese companies began producing mobile phones in the form of wristwatches, the descendants of which as of 2013 include the i5 and i6, which are GSM phones with 1.8-inch displays, and the ZGPAX s5 Android wristwatch phone. ===2010s=== Standardization with IEEE, IETF, and several industry groups (e.g.
Pebble has released several smartwatches since, including the Pebble Time and the Pebble Round. Google Glass launched their optical head-mounted display (OHMD) to a test group of users in 2013, before it became available to the public on 15 May 2014.
In 2013, a wearable computing device on the wrist to control body temperature was developed at MIT. Evidence of weak market acceptance was demonstrated when Panasonic Computer Solutions Company's product failed.
An early version of the device was available to the US public from April 2013 until January 2015.
Pebble has released several smartwatches since, including the Pebble Time and the Pebble Round. Google Glass launched their optical head-mounted display (OHMD) to a test group of users in 2013, before it became available to the public on 15 May 2014.
According to Google, Project Glass was ready to "graduate" from Google X, the experimental phase of the project. Thync, a headset launched in 2014, is a wearable that stimulates the brain with mild electrical pulses, causing the wearer to feel energized or calm based on input into a phone app.
The device is attached to the temple and to the back of the neck with an adhesive strip. Macrotellect launched 2 portable brainwave(EEG) sensing devices, BrainLink Pro and BrainLink Lite in 2014, which allows families and meditation students to enhance the mental fitness and stress relief with 20+ brain fitness enhancement Apps on Apple and Android App Stores. In January 2015, Intel announced the sub-miniature Intel Curie for wearable applications, based on its Intel Quark platform.
On 15 January 2015, Google announced that it would stop producing the Google Glass prototype but would continue to develop the product.
The device is attached to the temple and to the back of the neck with an adhesive strip. Macrotellect launched 2 portable brainwave(EEG) sensing devices, BrainLink Pro and BrainLink Lite in 2014, which allows families and meditation students to enhance the mental fitness and stress relief with 20+ brain fitness enhancement Apps on Apple and Android App Stores. In January 2015, Intel announced the sub-miniature Intel Curie for wearable applications, based on its Intel Quark platform.
It was scheduled to ship in the second half of the year. On 24 April 2015, Apple released their take on the smartwatch, known as the Apple Watch.
An early version of the device was available to the US public from April 2013 until January 2015.
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