In 1839, 20,000 people marched on Newport, resulting in a riot when 20 people were killed by soldiers defending the Westgate Hotel, and the Rebecca Riots where tollbooths on turnpikes were systematically destroyed. This unrest brought the state of education in Wales to the attention of the English establishment since social reformers of the time considered education as a means of dealing with social ills.
There is a Welsh-language online news service which publishes news stories in Welsh called Golwg360 ("360 [degree] view"). ===In education=== The decade around 1840 was a period of great social upheaval in Wales, manifested in the Chartist movement.
The Times newspaper was prominent among those who considered that the lack of education of the Welsh people was the root cause of most of the problems. In July 1846, three commissioners, R.R.W.
The Commissioners presented their report to the Government on 1 July 1847 in three large blue-bound volumes.
Welsh was still commonly spoken there in the first half of the 19th century, and churchwardens' notices were put up in both Welsh and English until about 1860.
Alexander John Ellis in the 1880s identified a small part of Shropshire as still then speaking Welsh, with the "Celtic Border" passing from Llanymynech through Oswestry to Chirk. The number of Welsh-speaking people in the rest of Britain has not yet been counted for statistical purposes.
He has been credited with the Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict c 40), following which several new Welsh schools were built.
The first was completed in 1894 and named Ysgol Syr Hugh Owen. Towards the beginning of the 20th century this policy slowly began to change, partly owing to the efforts of O.M.
Edwards when he became chief inspector of schools for Wales in 1907. The Aberystwyth Welsh School (Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth|italics=no) was founded in 1939 by Sir Ifan ap Owen Edwards, the son of O.M.
through education. ==Geographic distribution== === Wales === Welsh has been spoken continuously in Wales throughout recorded history, but by 1911 it had become a minority language, spoken by 43.5 percent of the population.
The highest number of those (255) lived in Florida. ==Status== Although Welsh is a minority language, support for it grew during the second half of the 20th century, along with the rise of organisations such as the nationalist political party Plaid Cymru from 1925 and Welsh Language Society from 1962. The Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the Welsh and English languages be treated equally in the public sector, as far as is reasonable and practicable.
Edwards when he became chief inspector of schools for Wales in 1907. The Aberystwyth Welsh School (Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth|italics=no) was founded in 1939 by Sir Ifan ap Owen Edwards, the son of O.M.
Ysgol Glan Clwyd|italics=no was established in Rhyl in 1956 as the first Welsh-medium secondary school. Welsh is now widely used in education, with 101,345 children and young people in Wales receiving their education in Welsh medium schools in 2014/15, 65,460 in primary and 35,885 in secondary.
The highest number of those (255) lived in Florida. ==Status== Although Welsh is a minority language, support for it grew during the second half of the 20th century, along with the rise of organisations such as the nationalist political party Plaid Cymru from 1925 and Welsh Language Society from 1962. The Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the Welsh and English languages be treated equally in the public sector, as far as is reasonable and practicable.
There is also a Welsh-language radio station, BBC Radio Cymru, which was launched in 1977. The only Welsh-language national newspaper Y Cymro (The Welshman) was published weekly until 2017.
And this is a powerful demonstration of how our culture, the very essence of who we are, is expressed through language." ===Use by the Voyager programme=== A greeting in Welsh is one of the 55 languages included on the Voyager Golden Record chosen to be representative of Earth in NASA's Voyager programme launched in 1977.
Since 1980, there has been an increase in the number of children attending Welsh-medium schools and a decrease in those going to Welsh bilingual and dual-medium schools. ==History== The language of the Welsh developed from the language of Britons.
Over the course of the 20th century this monolingual population "all but disappeared", but a small percentage remained at the time of the 1981 census.
Welsh sometimes appears on product packaging or instructions. The UK government has ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in respect of Welsh. The language has greatly increased its prominence since the creation of the television channel S4C in November 1982, which until digital switchover in 2010 broadcast 70 per cent of Channel 4's programming along with a majority of Welsh language shows during peak viewing hours.
By the start of the 21st century, numbers began to increase once more, at least partly as a result of the increase in Welsh-medium education. The 2004 Welsh Language Use Survey showed that 21.7 percent of the population of Wales spoke Welsh, compared with 20.8 percent in the 2001 Census, and 18.5 percent in 1991 Census.
In 1993, the Welsh-language television channel S4C published the results of a survey into the numbers of people who spoke or understood Welsh, which estimated that there were around 133,000 Welsh-speaking people living in England, about 50,000 of them in the Greater London area.
The highest number of those (255) lived in Florida. ==Status== Although Welsh is a minority language, support for it grew during the second half of the 20th century, along with the rise of organisations such as the nationalist political party Plaid Cymru from 1925 and Welsh Language Society from 1962. The Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the Welsh and English languages be treated equally in the public sector, as far as is reasonable and practicable.
The list of other public bodies which have to prepare Schemes could be added to by initially the Secretary of State for Wales, from 1993–1997, by way of statutory instrument.
Neither the 1993 Act nor secondary legislation made under it covers the private sector, although some organisations, notably banks and some railway companies, provide some of their information in Welsh. On 7 December 2010, the Welsh Assembly unanimously approved a set of measures to develop the use of the Welsh language within Wales.
Subsequent to the forming of the National Assembly for Wales in 1997, the Government Minister responsible for the Welsh language can and has passed statutory instruments naming public bodies who have to prepare Schemes.
The highest number of those (255) lived in Florida. ==Status== Although Welsh is a minority language, support for it grew during the second half of the 20th century, along with the rise of organisations such as the nationalist political party Plaid Cymru from 1925 and Welsh Language Society from 1962. The Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the Welsh and English languages be treated equally in the public sector, as far as is reasonable and practicable.
By the start of the 21st century, numbers began to increase once more, at least partly as a result of the increase in Welsh-medium education. The 2004 Welsh Language Use Survey showed that 21.7 percent of the population of Wales spoke Welsh, compared with 20.8 percent in the 2001 Census, and 18.5 percent in 1991 Census.
The Welsh Language 2001.
Wikipedia has had a Welsh version since July 2003 and Facebook since 2009. ===Mobile phone technology=== In 2006 the Welsh Language Board launched a free software pack which enabled the use of SMS predictive text in Welsh.
By the start of the 21st century, numbers began to increase once more, at least partly as a result of the increase in Welsh-medium education. The 2004 Welsh Language Use Survey showed that 21.7 percent of the population of Wales spoke Welsh, compared with 20.8 percent in the 2001 Census, and 18.5 percent in 1991 Census.
The latter is considerably more conservative and is the language used in Welsh translations of the Bible, amongst other things – although the 2004 Beibl Cymraeg Newydd () is significantly less formal than the traditional 1588 Bible.
Wikipedia has had a Welsh version since July 2003 and Facebook since 2009. ===Mobile phone technology=== In 2006 the Welsh Language Board launched a free software pack which enabled the use of SMS predictive text in Welsh.
A daily newspaper called Y Byd (The World) was scheduled to be launched on 3 March 2008, but was scrapped, owing to insufficient sales of subscriptions and the Welsh Government offering only one third of the £600,000 public funding it needed.
He said, "I am proud to be using the language I grew up speaking, which is not only important to me, my family and the communities Welsh MPs represent, but is also an integral part of Welsh history and culture". ===Use at the European Union=== In November 2008, the Welsh language was used at a meeting of the European Union's Council of Ministers for the first time.
Wikipedia has had a Welsh version since July 2003 and Facebook since 2009. ===Mobile phone technology=== In 2006 the Welsh Language Board launched a free software pack which enabled the use of SMS predictive text in Welsh.
At the National Eisteddfod of Wales 2009, a further announcement was made by the Welsh Language Board that the mobile phone company Samsung was to work with the network provider Orange to provide the first mobile phone in the Welsh language, with the interface and the T9 dictionary on the Samsung S5600 available in the Welsh language.
The model, available with the Welsh language interface, has been available since 1 September 2009, with plans to introduce it on other networks. On Android devices, both the built-in Google Keyboard and user-created keyboards can be used.
Neither the 1993 Act nor secondary legislation made under it covers the private sector, although some organisations, notably banks and some railway companies, provide some of their information in Welsh. On 7 December 2010, the Welsh Assembly unanimously approved a set of measures to develop the use of the Welsh language within Wales.
Welsh sometimes appears on product packaging or instructions. The UK government has ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in respect of Welsh. The language has greatly increased its prominence since the creation of the television channel S4C in November 1982, which until digital switchover in 2010 broadcast 70 per cent of Channel 4's programming along with a majority of Welsh language shows during peak viewing hours.
Since the digital switchover was completed in South Wales on 31 March 2010, S4C Digidol became the main broadcasting channel and fully in Welsh.
Historically, it has also been known in English as "British", "Cambrian", "Cambric" and "Cymric". According to the last Census in 2011, 562,016 (19.0%) of the population of Wales aged three and over were able to speak Welsh.
It was reported in December 2020 that 29.1% (883,600) of the population of Wales aged three or more was able to speak Welsh, with 16.3% (496,300) of the population reporting that they speak Welsh daily. The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 gave the Welsh language official status in Wales, making it the only language that is de jure official in any part of the United Kingdom, with English being de facto official.
The 2011 Census, however, showed a slight decline to 562,000, or 19 per cent of the population. The census also showed a "big drop" in the number of speakers in the Welsh-speaking heartlands, with the number dropping to under 50 percent in Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire for the first time.
However, according to the Welsh Language Use Survey in 2013–15, 24 percent of people aged three and over were able to speak Welsh. The Annual Population Survey by the Office for National Statistics estimated that, for the year ending in December 2020, 883,600, or 29.1 percent of the population of Wales aged 3 and over, were able to speak the language, implying a possible increase in the prevalence of the Welsh language since the 2011 census.
On 9 February 2011 this measure, the Proposed Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011, was passed and received Royal Assent, thus making the Welsh language an officially recognised language within Wales.
Despite that, an amendment to that effect was supported by 18 Assembly Members from three different parties, and that was a significant step forward." On 5 October 2011, Meri Huws, Chair of the Welsh Language Board, was appointed the new Welsh Language Commissioner.
However, according to the Welsh Language Use Survey in 2013–15, 24 percent of people aged three and over were able to speak Welsh. The Annual Population Survey by the Office for National Statistics estimated that, for the year ending in December 2020, 883,600, or 29.1 percent of the population of Wales aged 3 and over, were able to speak the language, implying a possible increase in the prevalence of the Welsh language since the 2011 census.
Ysgol Glan Clwyd|italics=no was established in Rhyl in 1956 as the first Welsh-medium secondary school. Welsh is now widely used in education, with 101,345 children and young people in Wales receiving their education in Welsh medium schools in 2014/15, 65,460 in primary and 35,885 in secondary.
iOS devices have fully supported the Welsh language since the release of iOS 8 in September 2014.
There is also a Welsh-language radio station, BBC Radio Cymru, which was launched in 1977. The only Welsh-language national newspaper Y Cymro (The Welshman) was published weekly until 2017.
Just as Navajo code talkers were used by the United States military during World War II, the a Welsh regiment serving in Bosnia, used Welsh for emergency communications that needed to be secure. ===Use within the British parliament === In 2017, parliamentary rules were amended to allow the use of Welsh when the Welsh Grand Committee meets at Westminster.
Similarly, the National Survey for Wales, conducted by Welsh Government, has also tended to have a higher percentage of Welsh speakers than the Census, with the most recent results for 2018–2019 suggesting that 22 percent of the population aged 3 and over were able to speak Welsh, with an additional 16 percent noting that they had some Welsh-speaking ability. Historically, large numbers of Welsh people spoke only Welsh.
The change did not alter the rules about debates within the House of Commons, where only English can be used. In February 2018, Welsh was first used when the Welsh Secretary, Alun Cairns, delivered his welcoming speech at a sitting of the committee.
It was reported in December 2020 that 29.1% (883,600) of the population of Wales aged three or more was able to speak Welsh, with 16.3% (496,300) of the population reporting that they speak Welsh daily. The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 gave the Welsh language official status in Wales, making it the only language that is de jure official in any part of the United Kingdom, with English being de facto official.
However, according to the Welsh Language Use Survey in 2013–15, 24 percent of people aged three and over were able to speak Welsh. The Annual Population Survey by the Office for National Statistics estimated that, for the year ending in December 2020, 883,600, or 29.1 percent of the population of Wales aged 3 and over, were able to speak the language, implying a possible increase in the prevalence of the Welsh language since the 2011 census.
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