It is similar in style to the romantic travel story that Ludwig Tieck established with his 1798 Franz Sternbalds Wanderungen.
Busch remains one of the most influential poets and artists in Western Europe. ==Family background== Johann Georg Kleine, Wilhelm Busch's maternal grandfather, settled in the small village of Wiedensahl, where in 1817 he bought a thatched half-timbered house where Wilhelm Busch was to be born 15 years later.
When Johann Georg Kleine died in 1820, his widow continued to run the shop with Henriette. At the age of 19 Henriette Kleine married surgeon Friedrich Wilhelm Stümpe.
About 1830 Friedrich Wilhelm Busch, the illegitimate son of a farmer, settled in Wiedensahl after completing a business apprenticeship in the nearby village of Loccum.
Heinrich Christian Wilhelm Busch (15 April 1832 – 9 January 1908) was a German humorist, poet, illustrator, and painter.
He married Henriette Kleine Stümpe. ==Life== ===Childhood=== Wilhelm Busch was born on 15 April 1832, the first of seven children to Henriette Kleine Stümpe and Friedrich Wilhelm Busch.
He described the "transformation to sausage" as "dreadfully compelling", leaving a lasting impression; pork nauseated him throughout his life. In the autumn of 1841, after the birth of his brother Otto, Busch's education was entrusted to the 35-year-old clergyman, Georg Kleine, his maternal uncle at Ebergötzen, where 100 children were taught within a space of .
In the autumn of 1846, Busch moved with the Kleine's to Lüthorst, where, on 11 April 1847, he was confirmed. ===Study=== In September 1847 Busch began studying mechanical engineering at Hannover Polytechnic.
In the autumn of 1846, Busch moved with the Kleine's to Lüthorst, where, on 11 April 1847, he was confirmed. ===Study=== In September 1847 Busch began studying mechanical engineering at Hannover Polytechnic.
His father eventually acquiesced and Busch moved to Düsseldorf in June 1851, where, to his disappointment at not being admitted to the advanced class, he entered preparatory classes.
Busch's parents had his tuition fees paid for one year, so in May 1852 he traveled to Antwerp to continue study at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts under Josephus Laurentius Dyckmans.
Eventually, in 1853, after suffering heavily from typhus, he abandoned his Antwerp studies and returned penniless to Wiedensahl. ===Munich=== Busch was ravaged by disease, and for five months spent time painting and collecting folk tales, legends, songs, ballads, rhymes, and fragments of regional superstitions.
In 1857 and 1858, as his position seemed to be without prospects, he contemplated emigration to Brazil to keep bees. Busch made contact with the artist association, Jung München (Young Munich), met several notable Munich artists, and wrote and provided cartoons for the Jung München newspaper.
In 1857 and 1858, as his position seemed to be without prospects, he contemplated emigration to Brazil to keep bees. Busch made contact with the artist association, Jung München (Young Munich), met several notable Munich artists, and wrote and provided cartoons for the Jung München newspaper.
His peasants are devoid of sensitivity and village life is marked by a vivid lack of sentiment. From 1858 to 1865 Busch chiefly worked for the Fliegenden Blätter and the Münchener Bilderbogen. The period from 1866 to 1884 is characterized by his major illustrated stories, such as Helen Who Couldn't Help It.
Busch's biographer Weissweiler felt the story was only superficially funny and harmless, but was a study on addiction and its induced state of delusion. ===Publication of Max and Moritz=== Between 1860 and 1863 Busch wrote more than one hundred articles for the Münchener Bilderbogen and Fliegende Blätter, but he felt his dependence on publisher Kaspar Braun had become constricting.
Toward the end of the 1860s he alternated between Wiedensahl and Lüthorst, and Wolfenbüttel where his brother Gustav lived.
His courtship with a seventeen-year-old merchant's daughter, Anna Richter, whom Busch met through his brother Gustav, ended in 1862.
Up to 1863 he worked on two or three major works; the third was composed by Georg Kremplsetzer.
Busch's biographer Weissweiler felt the story was only superficially funny and harmless, but was a study on addiction and its induced state of delusion. ===Publication of Max and Moritz=== Between 1860 and 1863 Busch wrote more than one hundred articles for the Münchener Bilderbogen and Fliegende Blätter, but he felt his dependence on publisher Kaspar Braun had become constricting.
However, some were published in the 1864 as Bilderpossen, proving a failure.
This friendship was echoed in the 1865 story, Max and Moritz.
His peasants are devoid of sensitivity and village life is marked by a vivid lack of sentiment. From 1858 to 1865 Busch chiefly worked for the Fliegenden Blätter and the Münchener Bilderbogen. The period from 1866 to 1884 is characterized by his major illustrated stories, such as Helen Who Couldn't Help It.
His peasants are devoid of sensitivity and village life is marked by a vivid lack of sentiment. From 1858 to 1865 Busch chiefly worked for the Fliegenden Blätter and the Münchener Bilderbogen. The period from 1866 to 1884 is characterized by his major illustrated stories, such as Helen Who Couldn't Help It.
In June 1867 Busch met his brother Otto for the first time, in Frankfurt.
Initially the sales of Max and Moritz were slow, but sales figures improved after the 1868 second edition.
Despite at first being ignored by critics, teachers in the 1870s described Max and Moritz as frivolous and an undesirable influence on the moral development of young people. ===Frankfurt=== Increasing economic success allowed Busch to visit Wiedensahl more frequently.
Some satires refer to contemporary events, such as Monsieur Jacques à Paris during the Siege of 1870 (Monsieur Jacques à Paris während der Belagerung von 1870).
Dutch writer Marie Anderson was one of few people who enjoyed his Kritik des Herzens, and she even planned to publish it in a Dutch newspaper. ===Adventures of a Bachelor=== Notwithstanding the hiatus after moving from Frankfurt, the 1870s were one of Busch's most productive decades.
Schauenburg was acquitted on 27 March 1871 in Offenburg, but in Austria distribution of the satire was prohibited until 1902.
The association with Johanna Kessler lasted five years, and after his return to Wiedensahl in 1872 they communicated by letter.
There was a dispute between Busch and Kremplsetzer during the staging of Der Vetter auf Besuch, leading to the removal of Busch's name from the production; the piece was renamed, Singspiel von Georg Kremplsetzer. In 1873 Busch returned several times to Munich, and took part in the intense life of the Munich Art Society as an escape from provincial life.
Busch was also a heavy smoker, resulting in symptoms of severe nicotine poisoning in 1874.
In 1874 he produced the short illustrated tale, Diddle-Boom! (Dideldum!). Following in 1875, was the Knopp Trilogy, about the life of Tobias Knopp: Adventures of a Bachelor (Abenteuer eines Junggesellen), Mr.
More than fifty letters were exchanged between January and October 1875 in which they discussed philosophy, religion, and ethics.
They met in Mainz in October 1875, after which he returned to Basserman at Heidelback in a "horrible mood".
In 1874 he produced the short illustrated tale, Diddle-Boom! (Dideldum!). Following in 1875, was the Knopp Trilogy, about the life of Tobias Knopp: Adventures of a Bachelor (Abenteuer eines Junggesellen), Mr.
In 1877, in a last attempt to be a serious artist, he took a studio in Munich.
This contact was interrupted between 1877 and 1891, after which it was revived with the help of Kessler's daughters. ===Later life=== Biographer Weissweiler does not dismiss the possibility that Busch's increasing alcohol dependence hindered self-criticism.
The 1878 nine episode illustrated tale Eight Sheets in the Wind describes how humans behave like animals when drunk.
There is no evidence that Busch had a close relationship with any woman after that with Anderson. Busch lived with his sister Fanny's family after her husband Pastor Hermann Nöldeke's death in 1879.
The years around 1880 were psychically and emotionally exhausting for Busch, who was still reliant on alcohol.
He left Munich abruptly in 1881, after he disrupted a variety show and subsequently made a scene through the effects of alcohol.
His peasants are devoid of sensitivity and village life is marked by a vivid lack of sentiment. From 1858 to 1865 Busch chiefly worked for the Fliegenden Blätter and the Münchener Bilderbogen. The period from 1866 to 1884 is characterized by his major illustrated stories, such as Helen Who Couldn't Help It.
Busch did not assign value to his work, as he once explained to Heinrich Richter: "I look at my things for what they are, as Nuremberg trinkets [toys], as Schnurr Pfeiferen [worthless and useless things] whose value is to be found not in its artistic content, but in public demand (...)". From 1885 until his death in 1908 his work was dominated by prose and poems.
This contact was interrupted between 1877 and 1891, after which it was revived with the help of Kessler's daughters. ===Later life=== Biographer Weissweiler does not dismiss the possibility that Busch's increasing alcohol dependence hindered self-criticism.
The 1895 story The Butterfly (Der Schmetterling) parodies themes and motifs and ridicules the religious optimism of a German romanticism that contradicted Busch's realistic anthropology influenced by Schopenhauer and Charles Darwin.
The 1895 prose text Der Schmetterling contains autobiographical accounts.
Even his friends Otto Friedrich Bassermann, Franz von Lenbach, Hermann Levi and Wilhelm von Kaulbach were not welcome at the house; he would meet them in Kassel or Hanover. Busch stopped painting in 1896 and signed over all publication rights to Bassermann Verlag for 50,000 gold marks.
In 1898, together with his aging sister Fanny Nöldeke, he accepted Bassermann's suggestion to move into a large parsonage in Mechtshausen.
Most of the poems from the collections Schein und Sein and Zu guter Letzt were written in 1899.
Schauenburg was acquitted on 27 March 1871 in Offenburg, but in Austria distribution of the satire was prohibited until 1902.
Heinrich Christian Wilhelm Busch (15 April 1832 – 9 January 1908) was a German humorist, poet, illustrator, and painter.
Overall there were 56 editions and more than 430,000 copies sold up to Busch's death in 1908.
The following years were eventless for Busch. He developed a sore throat in early January 1908, and his doctor detected a weak heart.
During the night of 8–9 January 1908 Busch slept uneasily, taking camphor, and a few drops of morphine as a tranquilizer.
"Hals diluted and shortened(...) but still Halsian", wrote Paul Klee after visiting a Busch memorial exhibition in 1908.
Busch did not assign value to his work, as he once explained to Heinrich Richter: "I look at my things for what they are, as Nuremberg trinkets [toys], as Schnurr Pfeiferen [worthless and useless things] whose value is to be found not in its artistic content, but in public demand (...)". From 1885 until his death in 1908 his work was dominated by prose and poems.
The 175th anniversary of his birth in 2007 was celebrated throughout Germany.
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