The new login prompt from the final version made its first appearance in Beta 3 build 1946 (the first build of Beta 3).
The new, updated icons (for My Computer, Recycle Bin etc.) first appeared in Beta 3 build 1964.
The Windows 2000 boot screen in the final version first appeared in Beta 3 build 1983.
The original name for the operating system was Windows NT 5.0 and the first beta was released in September 1997, followed by Beta 2 in August 1998.
Chapter 3 – Installing Windows 2000 On Workstations with Remote Installation Services. Russinovich, Mark (October 1997).
The original name for the operating system was Windows NT 5.0 and the first beta was released in September 1997, followed by Beta 2 in August 1998.
On October 27, 1998, Microsoft announced that the name of the final version of the operating system would be Windows 2000, a name which referred to its projected release date.
(2001), Modern Operating Systems (2nd Edition), Prentice-Hall Trott, Bob (October 27, 1998).
It was succeeded by Windows XP in 2001, releasing to manufacturing on December 15, 1999 and being officially released to retail on February 17, 2000.
Windows 2000 Beta 3 was released in May 1999.
From here, Microsoft issued three release candidates between July and November 1999, and finally released the operating system to partners on December 12, 1999.
However, this changed later, as an updated version of Windows 98 called Windows 98 SE was released in 1999. On or shortly before February 12, 2004, "portions of the Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows NT 4.0 source code were illegally made available on the Internet." The source of the leak was later traced to Mainsoft, a Windows Interface Source Environment partner.
Windows 2000 is a business-oriented operating system that was produced by Microsoft and was released as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.
It was succeeded by Windows XP in 2001, releasing to manufacturing on December 15, 1999 and being officially released to retail on February 17, 2000.
It is the successor to Windows NT 4.0. Four editions of Windows 2000 were released: Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and Datacenter Server; the latter was both released to manufacturing and launched months after the other editions.
While each edition of Windows 2000 was targeted at a different market, they shared a core set of features, including many system utilities such as the Microsoft Management Console and standard system administration applications. Windows 2000 introduces NTFS 3.0, Encrypting File System, as well as basic and dynamic disk storage.
The Windows 2000 Server family has additional features, most notably the introduction of Active Directory, which in the years following became a widely used directory service in business environments. Microsoft marketed Windows 2000 as the most secure Windows version ever at the time; however, it became the target of a number of high-profile virus attacks such as Code Red and Nimda.
Windows 2000 and Windows 2000 Server are succeeded by Windows XP (released in October 2001) and Windows Server 2003 (released in April 2003), respectively. == History == Windows 2000 is a continuation of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems, replacing Windows NT 4.0.
On October 27, 1998, Microsoft announced that the name of the final version of the operating system would be Windows 2000, a name which referred to its projected release date.
Windows 2000 Beta 3 was released in May 1999.
The NT 5.0 betas had very long startup and shutdown sounds, though these were changed in the early Windows 2000 beta, but during Beta 3, a new piano-made startup and shutdown sounds were made, featured in the final version as well as in Windows Me.
The Windows 2000 boot screen in the final version first appeared in Beta 3 build 1983.
Windows 2000 did not have a codename because, according to Dave Thompson of Windows NT team, "Jim Allchin didn't like codenames". Windows 2000 Service Pack 1 was codenamed "Asteroid" and Windows 2000 64-bit was codenamed "Janus." During development, there was a build for the Alpha which was abandoned some time after RC1 after Compaq announced they had dropped support for Windows NT on Alpha.
The public could buy the full version of Windows 2000 on February 17, 2000.
Three days before this event, which Microsoft advertised as "a standard in reliability," a leaked memo from Microsoft reported on by Mary Jo Foley revealed that Windows 2000 had "over 63,000 potential known defects." After Foley's article was published, she claimed that Microsoft blacklisted her for a considerable time.
claim in their computer science textbook that "Windows 2000 was the most reliable, stable operating system Microsoft had ever shipped to that point.
Of course, it isn't perfect either." Wired News later described the results of the February launch as "lackluster." Novell criticized Microsoft's Active Directory, the new directory service architecture, as less scalable or reliable than its own Novell Directory Services (NDS) alternative. Windows 2000 was initially planned to replace both Windows 98 and Windows NT 4.0.
However, this changed later, as an updated version of Windows 98 called Windows 98 SE was released in 1999. On or shortly before February 12, 2004, "portions of the Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows NT 4.0 source code were illegally made available on the Internet." The source of the leak was later traced to Mainsoft, a Windows Interface Source Environment partner.
On April 15, 2015, GitHub took down a repository containing a copy of the Windows NT 4.0 source code that originated from the leak. Microsoft planned to release a 64-bit version of Windows 2000, which would run on 64-bit Intel Itanium microprocessors, in 2000.
Windows 2000 also introduced USB device class drivers for USB printers, Mass storage class devices, and improved FireWire SBP-2 support for printers and scanners, along with a Safe removal applet for storage devices.
Windows 2000 SP4 has added the native USB 2.0 support.
Windows 2000 is also the first Windows version to support hibernation at the operating system level (OS-controlled ACPI S4 sleep state) unlike Windows 98 which required special drivers from the hardware manufacturer or driver developer. A new capability designed to protect critical system files called Windows File Protection was introduced.
Also included is an option to dump any of the first 64 KB of memory to disk (the smallest amount of memory that is useful for debugging purposes, also known as a minidump), a dump of only the kernel's memory, or a dump of the entire contents of memory to disk, as well as write that this event happened to the Windows 2000 event log.
In order to improve performance on servers running Windows 2000, Microsoft gave administrators the choice of optimizing the operating system's memory and processor usage patterns for background services or for applications.
Windows 2000 also introduced core system administration and management features as the Windows Installer, Windows Management Instrumentation and Event Tracing for Windows (ETW) into the operating system. === Plug and Play and hardware support improvements === The most notable improvement from Windows NT 4.0 is the addition of Plug and Play with full ACPI and Windows Driver Model support.
Similar to Windows 9x, Windows 2000 supports automatic recognition of installed hardware, hardware resource allocation, loading of appropriate drivers, PnP APIs and device notification events.
The addition of the kernel PnP Manager along with the Power Manager are two significant subsystems added in Windows 2000. Windows 2000 introduced version 3 print drivers (user mode printer drivers) based on Unidrv, which made it easier for printer manufacturers to write device drivers for printers.
Driver Verifier was introduced to stress test and catch device driver bugs. ===Shell=== Windows 2000 introduces layered windows that allow for transparency, translucency and various transition effects like shadows, gradient fills and alpha-blended GUI elements to top-level windows.
Menus support a new Fade transition effect. The Start menu in Windows 2000 introduces personalized menus, expandable special folders and the ability to launch multiple programs without closing the menu by holding down the SHIFT key.
Windows 2000 Explorer introduces customizable Windows Explorer toolbars, auto-complete in Windows Explorer address bar and Run box, advanced file type association features, displaying comments in shortcuts as tooltips, extensible columns in Details view (IColumnProvider interface), icon overlays, integrated search pane in Windows Explorer, sort by name function for menus, and Places bar in common dialogs for Open and Save. Windows Explorer has been enhanced in several ways in Windows 2000.
Two such viruses are VBS/Roor-C and VBS.Redlof.a. The "Web-style" folders view, with the left Explorer pane displaying details for the object currently selected, is turned on by default in Windows 2000.
Until the dedicated interactive preview pane appeared in Windows Vista, Windows 2000 had been the only Windows release to feature an interactive media player as the previewer for sound and video files, enabled by default.
All Microsoft Office documents since Office 4.0 make use of structured storage, so their metadata is displayable in the Windows 2000 Explorer default tooltip.
The shell introduces extensibility support through metadata handlers, icon overlay handlers and column handlers in Explorer Details view. The right pane of Windows 2000 Explorer, which usually just lists files and folders, can also be customized.
This degree of customizability is new to Windows 2000; neither Windows 98 nor the Desktop Update could provide it.
The new DHTML-based search pane is integrated into Windows 2000 Explorer, unlike the separate search dialog found in all previous Explorer versions.
The Indexing Service has also been integrated into the operating system and the search pane built into Explorer allows searching files indexed by its database. === NTFS 3.0 === Microsoft released the version 3.0 of NTFS (sometimes incorrectly called "NTFS 5" in relation to the kernel version number) as part of Windows 2000; this introduced disk quotas (provided by QuotaAdvisor), file-system-level encryption, sparse files and reparse points.
Volume mount points and directory junctions allow for a file to be transparently referred from one file or directory location to another. Windows 2000 also introduces a Distributed Link Tracking service to ensure file shortcuts remain working even if the target is moved or renamed.
By default, local administrators are recovery agents however they can be customized using Group Policy. === Basic and dynamic disk storage === Windows 2000 introduced the Logical Disk Manager and the diskpart command line tool for dynamic storage.
All versions of Windows 2000 support three types of dynamic disk volumes (along with basic disks): simple volumes, spanned volumes and striped volumes: Simple volume, a volume with disk space from one disk. Spanned volumes, where up to 32 disks show up as one, increasing it in size but not enhancing performance.
Like spanned volumes, when one disk in the array fails, the entire array is destroyed (some data may be recoverable). In addition to these disk volumes, Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server, and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server support mirrored volumes and striped volumes with parity: Mirrored volumes, also known as RAID-1, store identical copies of their data on 2 or more identical disks (mirrored).
This allows the data to be "rebuilt" in the event a disk in the array needs replacement. === Accessibility === With Windows 2000, Microsoft introduced the Windows 9x accessibility features for people with visual and auditory impairments and other disabilities into the NT-line of operating systems.
This was eventually replaced by the Ease of Access Center in Windows Vista. Accessibility Wizard: a control panel applet that helps users set up their computer for people with disabilities. === Languages and locales === Windows 2000 introduced the Multilingual User Interface (MUI).
Besides English, Windows 2000 incorporates support for Arabic, Armenian, Baltic, Central European, Cyrillic, Georgian, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkic, Vietnamese and Western European languages.
It also has support for many different locales. === Games === Windows 2000 included version 7.0 of the DirectX API, commonly used by game developers on Windows 98.
The last version of DirectX that was released for Windows 2000 was DirectX 9.0c (Shader Model 3.0), which shipped with Windows XP Service Pack 2.
The majority of games written for versions of DirectX 9.0c (up to the February 2010 release) can therefore run on Windows 2000. Windows 2000 included the same games as Windows NT 4.0 did: FreeCell, Minesweeper, Pinball, and Solitaire. === System utilities === Windows 2000 introduced the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), which is used to create, save, and open administrative tools.
Each of these is called a console, and most allow an administrator to administer other Windows 2000 computers from one centralised computer.
Alternatively users can be granted limited access, preventing them from adding to the console and stopping them from viewing multiple windows in a single console. The main tools that come with Windows 2000 can be found in the Computer Management console (in Administrative Tools in the Control Panel).
CHKDSK has significant performance improvements. Windows 2000 comes with two utilities to edit the Windows registry, REGEDIT.EXE and REGEDT32.EXE.
Windows XP is the first system to integrate these two programs into a single utility, adopting the REGEDIT behavior with the additional NT features. The System File Checker (SFC) also comes with Windows 2000.
It can also repopulate and repair all the files in the Dllcache folder. === Recovery Console === The Recovery Console is run from outside the installed copy of Windows to perform maintenance tasks that can neither be run from within it nor feasibly be run from another computer or copy of Windows 2000.
It includes commands like fixmbr, which are not present in MS-DOS. It has a simple command-line interface, used to check and repair the hard drive(s), repair boot information (including NTLDR), replace corrupted system files with fresh copies from the CD, or enable/disable services and drivers for the next boot. The console can be accessed in either of the two ways: Booting from the Windows 2000 CD, and choosing to start the Recovery Console from the CD itself instead of continuing with setup.
In this case, it can only be started as long as NTLDR can boot from the system partition. === Windows Scripting Host 2.0 === Windows 2000 introduced Windows Script Host 2.0 which included an expanded object model and support for logon and logoff scripts. === Networking === Starting with Windows 2000, the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol directly interfaces with TCP/IP.
In Windows NT 4.0, SMB requires the NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT) protocol to work on a TCP/IP network. Windows 2000 introduces a client-side DNS caching service.
The Windows Time service synchronizes the date and time of computers in a domain running on Windows 2000 Server or later.
Windows 2000 Professional includes an SNTP client. The Server editions include more features and components, including the Microsoft Distributed File System (DFS), Active Directory support and fault-tolerant storage. ==== Distributed File System ==== The Distributed File System (DFS) allows shares in multiple different locations to be logically grouped under one folder, or DFS root.
A DFS root can only exist on a Windows 2000 version that is part of the server family, and only one DFS root can exist on that server. There can be two ways of implementing a DFS namespace on Windows 2000: either through a standalone DFS root or a domain-based DFS root.
The file and root information is replicated via the Microsoft File Replication Service (FRS). ==== Active Directory ==== A new way of organizing Windows network domains, or groups of resources, called Active Directory, is introduced with Windows 2000 to replace Windows NT's earlier domain model.
Groups of trees outside of the same namespace can be linked together to form forests. Active Directory services could always be installed on a Windows 2000 Server Standard, Advanced, or Datacenter computer, and cannot be installed on a Windows 2000 Professional computer.
However, Windows 2000 Professional is the first client operating system able to exploit Active Directory's new features.
As part of an organization's migration, Windows NT clients continued to function until all clients were upgraded to Windows 2000 Professional, at which point the Active Directory domain could be switched to native mode and maximum functionality achieved. Active Directory requires a DNS server that supports SRV resource records, or that an organization's existing DNS infrastructure be upgraded to support this.
There should be one or more domain controllers to hold the Active Directory database and provide Active Directory directory services. ==== Volume fault tolerance ==== Along with support for simple, spanned and striped volumes, the Windows 2000 Server family also supports fault-tolerant volume types.
Should a disk fail in the array, the parity blocks from the surviving disks are combined mathematically with the data blocks from the surviving disks to reconstruct the data on the failed drive "on-the-fly." == Deployment == Windows 2000 can be deployed to a site via various methods.
The ability to slipstream a service pack into the original operating system setup files is also introduced in Windows 2000. The Sysprep method is started on a standardized reference computer – though the hardware need not be similar – and it copies the required installation files from the reference computer to the target computers.
The Winnt.exe program must also be passed a /unattend switch that points to a valid answer file and a /s file that points to one or more valid installation sources. Sysprep allows the duplication of a disk image on an existing Windows 2000 Server installation to multiple servers.
This means that all applications and system configuration settings will be copied across to the new installations, and thus, the reference and target computers must have the same HALs, ACPI support, and mass storage devices – though Windows 2000 automatically detects "plug and play" devices.
The primary reason for using Sysprep is to quickly deploy Windows 2000 to a site that has multiple computers with standard hardware.
(If a system had different HALs, mass storage devices or ACPI support, then multiple images would need to be maintained.) Systems Management Server can be used to upgrade multiple computers to Windows 2000.
Using SMS allows installations over a wide area and provides centralised control over upgrades to systems. Remote Installation Services (RIS) are a means to automatically install Windows 2000 Professional (and not Windows 2000 Server) to a local computer over a network from a central server.
This is required so that local accounts are given the right identifier and do not clash with other Windows 2000 Professional computers on a network. RIS requires that client computers are able to boot over the network via either a network interface card that has a Pre-Boot Execution Environment (PXE) boot ROM installed or that the client computer has a network card installed that is supported by the remote boot disk generator.
The server that RIS runs on must be Windows 2000 Server and it must be able to access a network DNS Service, a DHCP service and the Active Directory services. == Editions == Microsoft released various editions of Windows 2000 for different markets and business needs: Professional, Server, Advanced Server and Datacenter Server.
Each was packaged separately. Windows 2000 Professional was designed as the desktop operating system for businesses and power users.
It is the client version of Windows 2000.
The system requirements are a Pentium processor (or equivalent) of 133MHz or greater, at least 32MB of RAM, 650MB of hard drive space, and a CD-ROM drive (recommended: Pentium II, 128MB of RAM, 2GB of hard drive space, and CD-ROM drive). Windows 2000 Server shares the same user interface with Windows 2000 Professional, but contains additional components for the computer to perform server roles and run infrastructure and application software.
This also provided a purely transitive-trust relationship between Windows 2000 Server domains in a forest (a collection of one or more Windows 2000 domains that share a common schema, configuration, and global catalog, being linked with two-way transitive trusts).
Furthermore, Windows 2000 introduced a Domain Name Server which allows dynamic registration of IP addresses.
Windows 2000 Server supports up to 4 processors and 4GB of RAM, with a minimum requirement of 128MB of RAM and 1GB hard disk space, however requirements may be higher depending on installed components. Windows 2000 Advanced Server is a variant of Windows 2000 Server operating system designed for medium-to-large businesses.
System requirements are similar to those of Windows 2000 Server, however they may need to be higher to scale to larger infrastructure. Windows 2000 Datacenter Server is a variant of Windows 2000 Server designed for large businesses that move large quantities of confidential or sensitive data frequently via a central server.
System requirements are similar to those of Windows 2000 Server Advanced, however they may need to be higher to scale to larger infrastructure.
Windows 2000 Datacenter Server was released to manufacturing on August 11, 2000 and launched on September 26, 2000.
This edition was based on Windows 2000 with Service Pack 1 and was not available at retail. == Service packs == Windows 2000 has received four full service packs and one rollup update package following SP4, which is the last service pack.
Microsoft phased out all development of its Java Virtual Machine (JVM) from Windows 2000 in SP3.
Internet Explorer 5.01 has also been upgraded to the corresponding service pack level. Microsoft had originally intended to release a fifth service pack for Windows 2000, but Microsoft cancelled this project early in its development, and instead released Update Rollup 1 for SP4, a collection of all the security-related hotfixes and some other significant issues.
Microsoft states that this update will meet customers' needs better than a whole new service pack, and will still help Windows 2000 customers secure their PCs, reduce support costs, and support existing computer hardware. == Upgradeability == Several Windows 2000 components are upgradable to latest versions, which include new versions introduced in later versions of Windows, and other major Microsoft applications are available.
Following this, a common complaint is that "by default, Windows 2000 installations contain numerous potential security problems.
Other criticized flaws include the use of vulnerable encryption techniques. Code Red and Code Red II were famous (and much discussed) worms that exploited vulnerabilities of the Windows Indexing Service of Windows 2000's Internet Information Services (IIS).
Microsoft says that this marks the progression of Windows 2000 through the Windows lifecycle policy.
Under the extended support phase, Microsoft continued to provide critical security updates every month for all components of Windows 2000 (including Internet Explorer 5.0 SP4) and paid per-incident support for technical issues.
Because of Windows 2000's age, updated versions of components such as Windows Media Player 11 and Internet Explorer 7 have not been released for it.
Microsoft has dropped the upgrade path from Windows 2000 (and earlier) to Windows 7.
Users of Windows 2000 must buy a full Windows 7 license. Although Windows 2000 is the last NT-based version of Microsoft Windows which does not include product activation, Microsoft has introduced Windows Genuine Advantage for certain downloads and non-critical updates from the Download Center for Windows 2000. Windows 2000 reached the end of its lifecycle on July 13, 2010 (alongside Service Pack 2 of Windows XP).
In Japan, over 130,000 servers and 500,000 PCs in local governments were affected; many local governments said that they will not update as they do not have funds to cover a replacement. As of 2011, Windows Update still supports the Windows 2000 updates available on Patch Tuesday in July 2010, e.g., if older optional Windows 2000 features are enabled later.
Microsoft Office products under Windows 2000 have their own product lifecycles.
While Internet Explorer 6 for Windows XP did receive security patches up until it lost support, this is not the case for IE6 under Windows 2000.
The Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool installed monthly by Windows Update for XP and later versions can be still downloaded manually for Windows 2000. Microsoft in 2020 announced that it would disable the Windows Update service for SHA-1 endpoints and since Windows 2000 did not get an update for SHA-2, Windows Update Services are no longer available on the OS as of late July 2020.
However, as of April 2021, the old updates for Windows 2000 are still available on the Microsoft Update Catalog. == Total cost of ownership == In October 2002, Microsoft commissioned IDC to determine the total cost of ownership (TCO) for enterprise applications on Windows 2000 versus the TCO of the same applications on Linux.
IDC's report is based on telephone interviews of IT executives and managers of 104 North American companies in which they determined what they were using for a specific workload for file, print, security and networking services. IDC determined that the four areas where Windows 2000 had a better TCO than Linux – over a period of five years for an average organization of 100 employees – were file, print, network infrastructure and security infrastructure.
They determined, however, that Linux had a better TCO than Windows 2000 for web serving.
The report stated that Linux servers had less unplanned downtime than Windows 2000 servers.
It found that most Linux servers ran less workload per server than Windows 2000 servers and also that none of the businesses interviewed used 4-way SMP Linux computers.
"Single Instance Storage in Windows 2000." Microsoft Research & Balder Technology Group, Inc.
"Windows 2000 Versus Linux in Enterprise Computing: An assessment of business value for selected workloads." IDC, sponsored by Microsoft Corporation.
MCSE Exam 70–215, Microsoft Windows 2000 Server.
Running Nonnative Applications in Windows 2000 Professional.
Windows 2000 Resource Kit.
Installing Windows 2000 of Mastering Windows 2000 Server.
Chapter 3 – Installing Windows 2000 On Workstations with Remote Installation Services. Russinovich, Mark (October 1997).
"Inside Win2K NTFS, Part 1." Windows IT Pro (formerly Windows 2000 Magazine). Saville, John (January 9, 2000).
"What is Native Structure Storage?." Windows IT Pro (formerly Windows 2000 Magazine). Siyan, Kanajit S.
"Windows 2000 Professional Reference." New Riders.
Inside Microsoft Windows 2000 (Third Edition).
"It's official: NT 5.0 becomes Windows 2000." InfoWorld. Wallace, Rick (2000).
MCSE Exam 70–210, Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional.
. ==External links== Windows 2000 End-of-Life Windows 2000 Service Pack 4 Windows 2000 Update Rollup 1 Version 2 2000 software Products and services discontinued in 2010 IA-32 operating systems 2000
It was succeeded by Windows XP in 2001, releasing to manufacturing on December 15, 1999 and being officially released to retail on February 17, 2000.
Windows 2000 and Windows 2000 Server are succeeded by Windows XP (released in October 2001) and Windows Server 2003 (released in April 2003), respectively. == History == Windows 2000 is a continuation of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems, replacing Windows NT 4.0.
However, the first officially released 64-bit version of Windows was Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, released alongside the 32-bit editions of Windows XP on October 25, 2001, followed by the server versions Windows Datacenter Server Limited Edition and later Windows Advanced Server Limited Edition, which were based on the pre-release Windows Server 2003 (then known as Windows .NET Server) codebase.
However, as of April 2021, the old updates for Windows 2000 are still available on the Microsoft Update Catalog. == Total cost of ownership == In October 2002, Microsoft commissioned IDC to determine the total cost of ownership (TCO) for enterprise applications on Windows 2000 versus the TCO of the same applications on Linux.
(white paper). Bozman, Jean; Gillen, Al; Kolodgy, Charles; Kusnetzky, Dan; Perry, Randy; & Shiang, David (October 2002).
Windows 2000 and Windows 2000 Server are succeeded by Windows XP (released in October 2001) and Windows Server 2003 (released in April 2003), respectively. == History == Windows 2000 is a continuation of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems, replacing Windows NT 4.0.
However, the first officially released 64-bit version of Windows was Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, released alongside the 32-bit editions of Windows XP on October 25, 2001, followed by the server versions Windows Datacenter Server Limited Edition and later Windows Advanced Server Limited Edition, which were based on the pre-release Windows Server 2003 (then known as Windows .NET Server) codebase.
In August 2003, security researchers estimated that two major worms called Sobig and Blaster infected more than half a million Microsoft Windows computers.
However, this changed later, as an updated version of Windows 98 called Windows 98 SE was released in 1999. On or shortly before February 12, 2004, "portions of the Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows NT 4.0 source code were illegally made available on the Internet." The source of the leak was later traced to Mainsoft, a Windows Interface Source Environment partner.
On February 16, 2004, an exploit "allegedly discovered by an individual studying the leaked source code" for certain versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer was reported.
Retrieved May 4, 2005. Microsoft.
"Active Directory Data Storage." Retrieved May 9, 2005. Minasi, Mark (1999).
For ten years after its release, it continued to receive patches for security vulnerabilities nearly every month until reaching the end of its lifecycle on July 13, 2010. Windows NT 5.0 is the last version of Microsoft Windows to display the "Windows NT" designation.
Microsoft published quarterly updates to DirectX 9.0c through the February 2010 release after which support was dropped in the June 2010 SDK.
The majority of games written for versions of DirectX 9.0c (up to the February 2010 release) can therefore run on Windows 2000. Windows 2000 included the same games as Windows NT 4.0 did: FreeCell, Minesweeper, Pinball, and Solitaire. === System utilities === Windows 2000 introduced the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), which is used to create, save, and open administrative tools.
Users of Windows 2000 must buy a full Windows 7 license. Although Windows 2000 is the last NT-based version of Microsoft Windows which does not include product activation, Microsoft has introduced Windows Genuine Advantage for certain downloads and non-critical updates from the Download Center for Windows 2000. Windows 2000 reached the end of its lifecycle on July 13, 2010 (alongside Service Pack 2 of Windows XP).
In Japan, over 130,000 servers and 500,000 PCs in local governments were affected; many local governments said that they will not update as they do not have funds to cover a replacement. As of 2011, Windows Update still supports the Windows 2000 updates available on Patch Tuesday in July 2010, e.g., if older optional Windows 2000 features are enabled later.
. ==External links== Windows 2000 End-of-Life Windows 2000 Service Pack 4 Windows 2000 Update Rollup 1 Version 2 2000 software Products and services discontinued in 2010 IA-32 operating systems 2000
In Japan, over 130,000 servers and 500,000 PCs in local governments were affected; many local governments said that they will not update as they do not have funds to cover a replacement. As of 2011, Windows Update still supports the Windows 2000 updates available on Patch Tuesday in July 2010, e.g., if older optional Windows 2000 features are enabled later.
On April 15, 2015, GitHub took down a repository containing a copy of the Windows NT 4.0 source code that originated from the leak. Microsoft planned to release a 64-bit version of Windows 2000, which would run on 64-bit Intel Itanium microprocessors, in 2000.
The Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool installed monthly by Windows Update for XP and later versions can be still downloaded manually for Windows 2000. Microsoft in 2020 announced that it would disable the Windows Update service for SHA-1 endpoints and since Windows 2000 did not get an update for SHA-2, Windows Update Services are no longer available on the OS as of late July 2020.
However, as of April 2021, the old updates for Windows 2000 are still available on the Microsoft Update Catalog. == Total cost of ownership == In October 2002, Microsoft commissioned IDC to determine the total cost of ownership (TCO) for enterprise applications on Windows 2000 versus the TCO of the same applications on Linux.
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