Known as the "Automotive Capital of Canada", Windsor's industrial and manufacturing heritage is responsible for how the city has developed through the years. ==History== ===Early settlement=== At the time when the first Europeans arrived in the 17th century, the Detroit River region was inhabited by the Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi and Iroquois First Nations. ===Later settlement=== A French agricultural settlement was established at the site of Windsor in 1749.
Clair French mission settlements in North America Ontario populated places on the Detroit River Populated places established in 1749 Populated places on the Underground Railroad Port settlements in Ontario Single-tier municipalities in Ontario
The city's oldest building is the Duff-Baby House built in 1792.
There is a large French-speaking minority in Windsor and the surrounding area, particularly in the Lakeshore, Tecumseh and LaSalle areas. In 1797, after the American Revolution, the settlement of "Sandwich" was established.
It is owned by Ontario Heritage Trust and houses government offices. ===19th century=== The François Baby House in downtown Windsor was built in 1812 and houses Windsor's Community Museum, dedicated to local history. Windsor was the site of a battle during the 1838 Upper Canada Rebellion.
As a border settlement, Windsor was a site of conflict during the War of 1812, a major entry point into Canada for refugees from slavery via the Underground Railroad and a major source of liquor during American Prohibition.
Two sites in Windsor have been designated as National Historic Sites of Canada: the Sandwich First Baptist Church, a church established by Underground Railroad refugees, and François Bâby House, an important War of 1812 site now serving as Windsor's Community Museum. The Capitol Theatre in downtown Windsor had been a venue for feature films, plays and other attractions since 1929, until it declared bankruptcy in 2007.
Sandwich was established in 1817 as a town with no municipal status.
It is owned by Ontario Heritage Trust and houses government offices. ===19th century=== The François Baby House in downtown Windsor was built in 1812 and houses Windsor's Community Museum, dedicated to local history. Windsor was the site of a battle during the 1838 Upper Canada Rebellion.
Later that year, Windsor also served as a theatre for the Patriot War. In 1846, Windsor had a population of about 300.
The Sandwich neighbourhood on Windsor's west side is home to some of the city's oldest buildings, including Mackenzie Hall, originally built as the Essex County Courthouse in 1855.
It was incorporated as a town in 1858 (the same year as neighbouring Windsor). Windsor annexed these three towns in 1935.
Hiram Walker founded its historic distillery in 1858 in what was then Walkerville, Ontario. The diversifying economy is also represented by companies involved in pharmaceuticals, alternative energy, insurance, internet and software.
The coldest temperature ever recorded in Windsor was on January 29, 1873 and the warmest was on June 25, 1988. Summers are hot and humid, with a July mean temperature of (the highest such mean in Canada, with the warmest summer nights in the country) although the humidex (combined feel of temperature and humidity) reaches 30 or higher on 70 days in an average summer; the highest recorded humidex in Ontario, 52.1, occurred on June 20, 1953.
states. ===Media=== Windsor and its surrounding area has been served by the Windsor Star since 1888.
Walkerville was incorporated as a town in 1890.
It also recalled the naming controversy in 1892 when Windsor aimed to become a city.
Lajeunesse, The Windsor Border Region, Windsor: The Champlain Society, 1960. Jack Cecillon, Prayers, Petitions and Protests: The Catholic Church and the Ontario Schools Crisis in the Windsor Border Region, 1910–1928, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2013. ==External links== City of Windsor Southwestern Ontario Digital Archive: Windsor (Ontario) 1749 establishments in North America Busking venues Detroit River Ontario populated places on Lake St.
Ford City was incorporated as a village in 1912; it became a town in 1915, and a city in 1929.
The nearby villages of Ojibway and Riverside were incorporated in 1913 and 1921, respectively.
Ford City was incorporated as a village in 1912; it became a town in 1915, and a city in 1929.
During the 1920s, alcohol prohibition was enforced in Michigan while alcohol was legal in Ontario.
The nearby villages of Ojibway and Riverside were incorporated in 1913 and 1921, respectively.
Ford City was incorporated as a village in 1912; it became a town in 1915, and a city in 1929.
Two sites in Windsor have been designated as National Historic Sites of Canada: the Sandwich First Baptist Church, a church established by Underground Railroad refugees, and François Bâby House, an important War of 1812 site now serving as Windsor's Community Museum. The Capitol Theatre in downtown Windsor had been a venue for feature films, plays and other attractions since 1929, until it declared bankruptcy in 2007.
Kennedy was built in 1929 in the central part of the city next to Jackson park and is sometimes called the castle because of the unique architecture of its gymnasium at the rear of the school. ===Post-secondary institutions=== The University of Windsor is Canada's southernmost university.
His father Paul Martin (Sr.), a federal cabinet minister in several portfolios through the Liberal governments of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, was first elected to the House of Commons from a Windsor riding in the 1930s.
It was incorporated as a town in 1858 (the same year as neighbouring Windsor). Windsor annexed these three towns in 1935.
His father Paul Martin (Sr.), a federal cabinet minister in several portfolios through the Liberal governments of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, was first elected to the House of Commons from a Windsor riding in the 1930s.
The strongest and deadliest tornado to touch down in Windsor was an F4 in 1946.
Tornadoes have been recorded crossing the Detroit River (in 1946 and 1997), and waterspouts are regularly seen over Lake St.
His father Paul Martin (Sr.), a federal cabinet minister in several portfolios through the Liberal governments of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, was first elected to the House of Commons from a Windsor riding in the 1930s.
The coldest temperature ever recorded in Windsor was on January 29, 1873 and the warmest was on June 25, 1988. Summers are hot and humid, with a July mean temperature of (the highest such mean in Canada, with the warmest summer nights in the country) although the humidex (combined feel of temperature and humidity) reaches 30 or higher on 70 days in an average summer; the highest recorded humidex in Ontario, 52.1, occurred on June 20, 1953.
Clair Saints (Canadian Colleges Athletic Association) Windsor Rogues Rugby (Ontario Rugby Union (ORU)) Windsor FC Nationals (Ontario Youth Soccer League) (Western Ontario Youth Soccer League) Windsor Ultimate (non-profit Ultimate Frisbee league) Windsor TFC (League1 Ontario) Windsor Roller Derby (Women's Flat Track Derby Association) ===Former teams=== Windsor Bulldogs (OHA Senior A Hockey League) 1953–1964, won 1963 Allan Cup Windsor St.
Rum-running in Windsor was a common practice during that time. On October 25, 1960, a massive gas explosion destroyed the building housing the Metropolitan Store on Ouellette Avenue.
His father Paul Martin (Sr.), a federal cabinet minister in several portfolios through the Liberal governments of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, was first elected to the House of Commons from a Windsor riding in the 1930s.
Eugene Whelan was a Liberal cabinet minister and one-time Liberal party leadership candidate elected from Essex County from the 1960s to the early 1980s, as well as Mark MacGuigan of Windsor-Walkerville riding, who also served as External Affairs, and later Justice minister in the early 1980s.
The CanCon requirements are sometimes blamed in part for the decline in popularity of Windsor radio station CKLW, a 50,000-watt AM radio station that in the late 1960s (prior to the advent of CanCon) had been the top-rated radio station not only in Detroit and Windsor, but also in Toledo and Cleveland. Windsor has also been exempt from concentration of media ownership rules.
Lajeunesse, The Windsor Border Region, Windsor: The Champlain Society, 1960. Jack Cecillon, Prayers, Petitions and Protests: The Catholic Church and the Ontario Schools Crisis in the Windsor Border Region, 1910–1928, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2013. ==External links== City of Windsor Southwestern Ontario Digital Archive: Windsor (Ontario) 1749 establishments in North America Busking venues Detroit River Ontario populated places on Lake St.
Deputy Prime Minister Herb Gray represented Windsor as an MP from 1962 through 2003, winning thirteen consecutive elections making him the longest serving MP in Canadian history.
Now entering its most ambitious capital expansion since its founding in 1963, the University of Windsor recently opened the Anthony P.
Clair Saints (Canadian Colleges Athletic Association) Windsor Rogues Rugby (Ontario Rugby Union (ORU)) Windsor FC Nationals (Ontario Youth Soccer League) (Western Ontario Youth Soccer League) Windsor Ultimate (non-profit Ultimate Frisbee league) Windsor TFC (League1 Ontario) Windsor Roller Derby (Women's Flat Track Derby Association) ===Former teams=== Windsor Bulldogs (OHA Senior A Hockey League) 1953–1964, won 1963 Allan Cup Windsor St.
Both were annexed by Windsor in 1966.
Windsor was the only Canadian city to experience a tornado during the 1974 Super Outbreak, an F3 which killed nine people when it destroyed the Windsor Curling Club.
Eugene Whelan was a Liberal cabinet minister and one-time Liberal party leadership candidate elected from Essex County from the 1960s to the early 1980s, as well as Mark MacGuigan of Windsor-Walkerville riding, who also served as External Affairs, and later Justice minister in the early 1980s.
The coldest temperature ever recorded in Windsor was on January 29, 1873 and the warmest was on June 25, 1988. Summers are hot and humid, with a July mean temperature of (the highest such mean in Canada, with the warmest summer nights in the country) although the humidex (combined feel of temperature and humidity) reaches 30 or higher on 70 days in an average summer; the highest recorded humidex in Ontario, 52.1, occurred on June 20, 1953.
The Tea Party is a progressive rock band which has been based in Windsor since its foundation in 1990. Windsor's nickname is the "Rose City" or the "City of Roses".
The number of vehicles crossing the bridge has doubled since 1990.
It was featured on History Television's Disasters of the Century. The Windsor Star Centennial Edition in 1992 covered the city's past, its success as a railway centre, and its contributions to World War I and World War II fighting efforts.
visitors since opening in 1994 (as Casino Windsor).
The city also became a gambling attraction with Caesars Windsor's opening in 1994, five years before casinos opened in Detroit.
Hôtel-Dieu Grace Healthcare is the result of an amalgamation of Grace Hospital and Hôtel-Dieu in 1994.
Collège Boréal is Windsor's only francophone post-secondary institution, providing service for a small, but notable, population of Franco-Ontarians within the Windsor-Tecumseh-Belle River area. From 1995 to 2001, the city was home to a satellite campus of the defunct francophone Collège des Grands-Lacs. ===Public libraries=== The Windsor Public Library offers education, entertainment, along with community history materials, programs, and services.
The city was grazed by the 1997 Southeast Michigan tornado outbreak with one tornado (an F1) forming east of the city.
Tornadoes have been recorded crossing the Detroit River (in 1946 and 1997), and waterspouts are regularly seen over Lake St.
Collège Boréal is Windsor's only francophone post-secondary institution, providing service for a small, but notable, population of Franco-Ontarians within the Windsor-Tecumseh-Belle River area. From 1995 to 2001, the city was home to a satellite campus of the defunct francophone Collège des Grands-Lacs. ===Public libraries=== The Windsor Public Library offers education, entertainment, along with community history materials, programs, and services.
Deputy Prime Minister Herb Gray represented Windsor as an MP from 1962 through 2003, winning thirteen consecutive elections making him the longest serving MP in Canadian history.
In 2003, a single mother of three, Jacqueline Bouchard, was struck and killed by a truck at the corner of Huron Church and Girardot Avenue in front of Assumption College Catholic High School, a tragedy argued to be due to a lack of practical safety precautions. Windsor City Council hired traffic consultant Sam Schwartz to produce a proposal for a solution to this traffic problem.
The Windsor Star commemorated the 45th anniversary of the event on October 25, 2005.
Two sites in Windsor have been designated as National Historic Sites of Canada: the Sandwich First Baptist Church, a church established by Underground Railroad refugees, and François Bâby House, an important War of 1812 site now serving as Windsor's Community Museum. The Capitol Theatre in downtown Windsor had been a venue for feature films, plays and other attractions since 1929, until it declared bankruptcy in 2007.
The new depot opened in 2007.
The recent addition of a full-program satellite medical school of the University of Western Ontario, which opened in 2008 at the University of Windsor is further enhancing the region's economy and the university's status.
Windsor and Detroit also jointly cohost the annual Detroit Windsor International Film Festival, while festivals exclusive to Windsor include Multicultural Council of Windsor and Essex County Carrousel by the River and Carrousel Around the City, Bluesfest International Windsor and Windsor Pride. Following the 2008 Red Bull Air Race World Championship in Detroit, Michigan, Windsor successfully put in a bid to become the first Canadian city to host the event.
In October 2008, the Province of Ontario completed a grade separation at Walker Road and the CP Rail line.
In August 2009, Windsor City Council approved a 10-ward electoral system for the 2010 civic election, with one councillor elected in each ward.
Red Bull touted the 2009 race in Windsor as one of the most exciting in the seven-year history of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship, and on January 22, 2010, it was announced Windsor would be a host city for the 2010 and 2011 circuits, along with a select group of major international cities that includes Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Perth, Australia and New York City.
The event attracted 200,000 fans to the Detroit River waterfront in 2009.
Windsor is also home for the following youth, minor league and post-secondary teams. Windsor Spitfires (Ontario Hockey League Major Junior "A" 2009, 2010 and 2017 Memorial Cup Champions) Windsor Express (National Basketball League of Canada) Windsor Clippers (Ontario Lacrosse Association Junior "B") St.
In August 2009, Windsor City Council approved a 10-ward electoral system for the 2010 civic election, with one councillor elected in each ward.
Red Bull touted the 2009 race in Windsor as one of the most exciting in the seven-year history of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship, and on January 22, 2010, it was announced Windsor would be a host city for the 2010 and 2011 circuits, along with a select group of major international cities that includes Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Perth, Australia and New York City.
Another grade separation was completed in November 2010 at Howard Avenue and the CP Rail line.
Windsor is also home for the following youth, minor league and post-secondary teams. Windsor Spitfires (Ontario Hockey League Major Junior "A" 2009, 2010 and 2017 Memorial Cup Champions) Windsor Express (National Basketball League of Canada) Windsor Clippers (Ontario Lacrosse Association Junior "B") St.
Further, the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor contains 18 million people, with 51% of the Canadian population and three out of the five largest metropolitan areas, according to the 2011 Census. The city has an extensive riverfront parks system and fine restaurants, such as those on Erie Street in Windsor's Little Italy called "Via Italia", another popular tourist destination.
This represents an increase of 3.0% in the city population since 2011 and an increase of 3.1% in the metropolitan area population since 2011.
There were no homicides in the city for a 27-month period ending in November 2011.
Red Bull touted the 2009 race in Windsor as one of the most exciting in the seven-year history of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship, and on January 22, 2010, it was announced Windsor would be a host city for the 2010 and 2011 circuits, along with a select group of major international cities that includes Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Perth, Australia and New York City.
The Red Bull air races were cancelled worldwide for 2011. Dubbed the Great Canadian Flag Project, Windsor erected a 150-foot (45.7 metre) flagpole to fly a 60 feet by 30 feet (18 metres by nine metres) Canadian flag in celebration of the 150th anniversary of Canada.
The university is just east of the Ambassador Bridge, south of the Detroit River. In Spring 2011, it was announced the University of Windsor would move its music and visual art programs downtown to be housed in the historic Armouries building and former Greyhound Bus Depot at Freedom Way and University Ave E.
The college also opened the TD Student Centre on the corner of Victoria Avenue and University Avenue in 2012. More recently Collège Boréal opened an access centre and small campus to their Ouellette avenue location.
The Express are an expansion team of the NBL that began play in the 2012–13 season, with home games played at the WFCU Centre.
In spring of 2019 Windsor applied for disaster mitigation funding following widespread flooding. A previous state of emergency in Windsor was called in 2013 when a fire broke out at a plastics recycling warehouse.
In 2013, the university completed construction of a $112 million facility for its Faculty of Engineering. Windsor is the headquarters of Hiram Walker & Sons Limited, now owned by Pernod Ricard.
Lajeunesse, The Windsor Border Region, Windsor: The Champlain Society, 1960. Jack Cecillon, Prayers, Petitions and Protests: The Catholic Church and the Ontario Schools Crisis in the Windsor Border Region, 1910–1928, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2013. ==External links== City of Windsor Southwestern Ontario Digital Archive: Windsor (Ontario) 1749 establishments in North America Busking venues Detroit River Ontario populated places on Lake St.
On April 17, 2014, the Express won their first championship of NBL-Canada against the Island Storm in the 7th game of their final series, 121–106.
In addition, some same-sex couples from the United States chose to marry in Windsor prior to 2015, when same-sex marriage was legalized in all 50 U.S.
The city's population was 217,188 at the 2016 census, making it the third-most populated city in Southwestern Ontario, after London and Kitchener.
There are on average 2,261 sunshine hours per year in Windsor. === Flooding and other emergencies=== Windsor had historical flooding in 2016, 2017 and 2019.
In 2016, the mayor of Windsor, Drew Dilkens, declared a state of emergency because of the disastrous flooding that occurred.
950 employees) ==Demographics== In 2016, Windsor's population was 217,188.
In 2016, in the city 27.7% of the population was foreign-born while in the metropolitan area, 22.9% of the population was foreign-born; this is the fourth-highest proportion for a Canadian metropolitan area.
Visible minorities make up 25.7% of the population, making it the most diverse city in Ontario outside of the Greater Toronto Area. In 2016, Windsor's population was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.
Since 2016, reports of sexual assaults, within Windsor, have increased by 20%, reports of robbery by 23%, reports of breaking and entering by 3% and reports of motor vehicle theft by 13%. ==Government== Windsor's history as an industrial centre has given the New Democratic Party (NDP) a dedicated voting base.
The races took place on a course of pylons set up on the Detroit River, right over the border between Canada and the United States. ===2016 FINA World Swimming Championships=== The 2016 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) took place in Windsor. ==Notable people== ==See also== 1946 Windsor–Tecumseh, Ontario tornado Detroit–Windsor Dominion House Flag of Windsor, Ontario Super Outbreak ==Notes== ==References== ==Further reading== Ernest J.
There are on average 2,261 sunshine hours per year in Windsor. === Flooding and other emergencies=== Windsor had historical flooding in 2016, 2017 and 2019.
This state of emergency was called due to poor air quality caused by the fire. In 2017, Windsor was noted on Environment Canada's top 10 list of weather events.
In late August 2017, Windsor faced a storm that left of rain in 32 hours. ===Tornadoes=== As the Canadian city with the highest number of days that experience severe thunderstorms and lightning, Windsor has historically been subject to tornadic activity.
Windsor is also home to the Windsor Salt Mine and the Great Lakes Regional office of the International Joint Commission. ===Technology=== In 2017 Windsor, in conjunction with Detroit, bid for the Amazon HQ2 Headquarters.
In 2017, the total population of the Windsor metropolitan area (consisting of Windsor, Tecumseh, Amherstburg, LaSalle and Lakeshore) was 344,747.
In 2017, the Crime Severity Index for the Windsor Metropolitan Area was 71.7, compared to the Canadian national rate of 72.9.
As of January 14, 2017, $300,000 had been raised for the project, including $150,000 from the federal government. Windsor has often been the place where many metro Detroiters find what is forbidden in the United States.
Windsor is also home for the following youth, minor league and post-secondary teams. Windsor Spitfires (Ontario Hockey League Major Junior "A" 2009, 2010 and 2017 Memorial Cup Champions) Windsor Express (National Basketball League of Canada) Windsor Clippers (Ontario Lacrosse Association Junior "B") St.
There are on average 2,261 sunshine hours per year in Windsor. === Flooding and other emergencies=== Windsor had historical flooding in 2016, 2017 and 2019.
In spring of 2019 Windsor applied for disaster mitigation funding following widespread flooding. A previous state of emergency in Windsor was called in 2013 when a fire broke out at a plastics recycling warehouse.
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