Wine is predominantly written using black-box testing reverse-engineering, to avoid copyright issues. The selection of "Wine is Not an Emulator" as the name of the Wine Project was the result of a naming discussion in August 1993 and credited to David Niemi.
This plurality was larger than all x86 virtualization programs combined, as well as larger than the 27.9% who reported not running Windows applications. ==History== Bob Amstadt, the initial project leader, and Eric Youngdale started the Wine project in 1993 as a way to run Windows applications on Linux.
The project originated in discussions on Usenet in [news:comp.os.linux comp.os.linux] in June 1993.
Alexandre Julliard has led the project since 1994. The project has proven time-consuming and difficult for the developers, mostly because of incomplete and incorrect documentation of the Windows API.
As an example of this, it is worth considering IBM's 1994 operating system, OS/2 Warp.
It was inspired by two Sun Microsystems' products, the Wabi for the Solaris operating system, and the Public Windows Initiative, which was an attempt to get the Windows API fully reimplemented in the public domain as an ISO standard but rejected due to pressure from Microsoft in 1996.
Direct3D, for example, remained unimplemented until 1998, although newer releases have had an increasingly complete implementation. ===CrossOver=== CodeWeavers markets CrossOver specifically for running Microsoft Office and other major Windows applications, including some games.
Consequently, the Wine team has reverse-engineered many function calls and file formats in such areas as thunking. The Wine project originally released Wine under the same MIT License as the X Window System, but owing to concern about proprietary versions of Wine not contributing their changes back to the core project, work as of March 2002 has used the LGPL for its licensing. Wine officially entered beta with version 0.9 on 25 October 2005.
Formerly known as WineX, Cedega represented a fork from the last MIT-licensed version of Wine in 2002.
Consequently, the Wine team has reverse-engineered many function calls and file formats in such areas as thunking. The Wine project originally released Wine under the same MIT License as the X Window System, but owing to concern about proprietary versions of Wine not contributing their changes back to the core project, work as of March 2002 has used the LGPL for its licensing. Wine officially entered beta with version 0.9 on 25 October 2005.
On 16 February 2005, Ivan Leo Puoti discovered that Microsoft had started checking the Windows Registry for the Wine configuration key and would block the Windows Update for any component.
Instead of being an end-user product, Cider (like Winelib) is a wrapper allowing developers to adapt their games to run natively on Intel Mac without any changes in source code. ===WINE@Etersoft=== The Russian company Etersoft has been developing a proprietary version of Wine since 2006.
One instance of this problem was the 2006 Windows Metafile vulnerability, which saw Wine implementing the vulnerable SETABORTPROC escape. ===Wine vs.
CodeWeavers also released a new version called CrossOver Mac for Intel-based Apple Macintosh computers on 10 January 2007. As of 2012, CrossOver includes the functionality of both the CrossOver Games and CrossOver Pro lines therefore CrossOver Games and CrossOver Pro are no longer available as single products. CrossOver Games was optimized for running Windows video games.
Version 1.0 was released on 17 June 2008, after 15 years of development.
When using the raw streams or curses backends, Windows applications will run in a Unix terminal. ===64-bit applications=== Preliminary support for 64-bit Windows applications was added to Wine 1.1.10, in December 2008.
All patches for the x86 version were merged back into the main branch of Wine in 2009.
In July 2009, Aleksey Bragin, the ReactOS project lead, started a new ReactOS branch called Arwinss, and it was officially announced in January 2010.
Version 1.2 was released on 16 July 2010, version 1.4 on 7 March 2012, version 1.6 on 18 July 2013.
This functionality is seen from at least 2010. ===MS-DOS=== Early versions of Microsoft Windows run on top of MS-DOS, and Windows programs may depend on MS-DOS programs to be usable.
Since October 2010, Winelib also works on the ARM platform. ===Non-x86 architectures=== Support for Solaris SPARC was dropped in version 1.5.26. ====ARM, Windows CE, and Windows RT==== Wine provides some support for ARM (as well as ARM64/AArch64) processors and the Windows flavors that run on it.
In July 2009, Aleksey Bragin, the ReactOS project lead, started a new ReactOS branch called Arwinss, and it was officially announced in January 2010.
On 7 January 2011, TransGaming Inc.
allowed members to keep using their Cedega ID and password until 28 February 2011. ===Cider=== TransGaming also produced Cider, a library for Apple–Intel architecture Macintoshes.
Version 1.2 was released on 16 July 2010, version 1.4 on 7 March 2012, version 1.6 on 18 July 2013.
CodeWeavers also released a new version called CrossOver Mac for Intel-based Apple Macintosh computers on 10 January 2007. As of 2012, CrossOver includes the functionality of both the CrossOver Games and CrossOver Pro lines therefore CrossOver Games and CrossOver Pro are no longer available as single products. CrossOver Games was optimized for running Windows video games.
Version 1.2 was released on 16 July 2010, version 1.4 on 7 March 2012, version 1.6 on 18 July 2013.
Windows CE support (either x86 or ARM) is missing, but an unofficial, pre-alpha proof-of-concept version called WineCE allows for some support. ====Wine for Android==== On 3 February 2013 at the FOSDEM talk in Brussels, Alexandre Julliard demonstrated an early demo of Wine running on Google's Android operating system. Experimental builds of WINE for Android (x86 and ARM) were released in late 2017.
and version 1.8 on 19 December 2015.
Proton entered public beta immediately upon being announced. Valve had already been collaborating with CodeWeavers since 2016 to develop improvements to Wine's gaming performance, some of which have already been merged to the upstream Wine project.
Since January 2017, patches in wine-staging begins to be actively merged into the WineHQ upstream as wine-compholio transferred the project to Alistair Leslie-Hughes, a key WineHQ developer. ===Corporate sponsorship=== The main corporate sponsor of Wine is CodeWeavers, which employs Julliard and many other Wine developers to work on Wine and on CrossOver, CodeWeavers' supported version of Wine.
Windows CE support (either x86 or ARM) is missing, but an unofficial, pre-alpha proof-of-concept version called WineCE allows for some support. ====Wine for Android==== On 3 February 2013 at the FOSDEM talk in Brussels, Alexandre Julliard demonstrated an early demo of Wine running on Google's Android operating system. Experimental builds of WINE for Android (x86 and ARM) were released in late 2017.
Pipelight is largely obsolete, as modern browsers no longer support NPAPI plugins and Silverlight has been deprecated by Microsoft. ===Proton=== On 21 August 2018, Valve announced a new variation of Wine, named Proton, designed to integrate with the Linux version of the company's Steam software (including Steam installations built into their Linux-based SteamOS operating system and Steam Machine computers).
A 2018 security analysis found that 5 out of 30 malware samples were able to successfully run through Wine, a relatively low rate that nevertheless posed a security risk.
As of 2019, Wine 4.0 contains a DirectX 12 implementation for Vulkan API, and DirectX 11.2 for OpenGL.
As of 2019, this component supports up to DirectX 11.
Direct3D 12 support in 4.0 is provided by a "vkd3d" subproject, and WineD3D has in 2019 been experimentally ported to use the Vulkan API.
As of 2020, the project is named Gallium.Nine.
Development on the PPC version was abandoned (and in 2020 Wine 5.11 dropped support for PowerPC.).
As Puoti noted: "It's also the first time Microsoft acknowledges the existence of Wine." In January 2020, Microsoft cited Wine as a positive consequence of being able to reimplement APIs, in its amicus curiae brief for Google LLC v.
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